ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Insights into the Behavior of Triple-Negative MDA-MB-231 Breast Carcinoma Cells Following the Treatment with 17β-Ethinylestradiol and Levonorgestrel.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Recent investigations on the impact of levonorgestrel and 17β-ethinylestradiol on melanoma.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- In-vitro assessment of anti-breast cancer potential of pumpkin seed oil nanoemulsion with mechanistic insights into cytotoxicity and apoptosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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- Preclinical pharmaco-toxicological screening of biomimetic melanin-like nanoparticles as a potential therapeutic strategy for cutaneous melanoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Targeted Inhibition of p21 Promotes the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells and Impairs the Tumor-Killing Effect of the Vaccinia Virus.Journal of breast cancer · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Characterization of Phytochemical Composition, Membrane Permeability, and Antiproliferative Activity ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- ExploringSaudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Ascorbate Uptake and Retention by Breast Cancer Cell Lines and the Intracellular Distribution of Sodium-Dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Characterization of Thymoquinone-Sulfobutylether-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex for Anticancer Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A micropillar array-based microfluidic chip for label-free separation of circulating tumor cells: The best micropillar geometry?Journal of advanced research · 2023Article
- Combined inhibition of PARP and ATR synergistically potentiates the antitumor activity of HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate in HER2-positive cancers.American journal of cancer research · 2023Article
- Comparative Studies on a Standardized Subfraction of Red Onion Peel Ethanolic Extract (Plant Substance), Quercetin (Pure Compound), and Their Cell Mechanism and Metabolism on MDA-MB-231.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Investigation of Lupeol as Anti-Melanoma Agent: An In Vitro-In Ovo Perspective.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2021Article
- Anticancer Effect of Pinostrobin on Human Breast Cancer Cells Through Regulation of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition.Integrative cancer therapiesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used due to their efficiency in preventing unplanned pregnancies and treating several human illnesses. Despite their medical value, the toxicity of OCs remains a public concern. Previous studies indicate the carcinogenic potential of synthetic sex hormones and their link to the development and progression of hormone-dependent malignancies such as breast cancer. However, little is known about their influence on the evolution of triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC), a malignancy defined by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. This study reveals that the active ingredients of modern OCs, 17β-Ethinylestradiol, Levonorgestrel, and their combination induce differential effects in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. The most relevant behavioral changes occurred after the 24 h treatment with 17β-Ethinylestradiol, summarized as follows: (i) decreased cell viability (64.32% at 10 µM); (ii) cell roundness and loss of confluence; (iii) apoptotic aspect of cell nuclei (fragmentation, membrane blebbing); and (iv) inhibited cell migration, suggesting a potential anticancer effect. Conversely, Levonorgestrel was generally associated with a proliferative activity. The association of the two OCs exerted similar effects as 17β-Ethinylestradiol but was less effective. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the hormones' cytotoxic mechanism of action on TNBC cells.
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