ReviewCancers2021
Crown-Like Structures in Breast Adipose Tissue: Early Evidence and Current Issues in Breast Cancer.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Weight Loss, Obesity Medication, and Risk of Obesity-Associated Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Mechanisms of obesity- and diabetes mellitus-related pancreatic carcinogenesis: a comprehensive and systematic review.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Review
- Obesity-related Metabolic Dysfunction and Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Epidemiologic Signals, Mechanistic Pathways, and Opportunities for Prevention.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Cancer-associated adipocytes: metabolic reprogramming, crosstalk and therapeutic implications in tumor progression.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Synergistic Anti-Obesity Effect ofFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Postbiotics as Emerging Strategy Targeting Obesity- and Aging-Related Breast Cancer-Prospects in Prophylaxis and Therapy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Obesity and breast density enhance immune exclusion in the primary tumor microenvironment and promote breast cancer metastasis.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Obesity, Bariatric Surgery, and Cancer Risk: Nutritional Perspectives and Long-Term Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- In Vitro Model of Cytokine-Induced Inflammatory 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Mimicking Obesity.Bio-protocol · 2026Article
- Exploring the Endocannabinoid System's Influence on Mammary Tissue and Breast Milk Inflammation in Maternal Chronic Obesity.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Immune system, inflammatory response, and regulated cell death in breast cancer research (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Historical rise of cancer and dietary linoleic acid: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Neighborhood Environment, DNA Methylation, and Presence of Crown-Like Structures of the Breast.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Effect of subcutaneous fat on long-term survival after surgery for stage I-III breast cancer as determined by computed tomography.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Metabolic flux analysis in adipose tissue reprogramming.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2024Review
- Macrophages in tumor cell migration and metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and has been linked to worse breast cancer prognosis, most clearly for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. The underlying mechanisms of the obesity-breast cancer association are not fully understood, but growing evidence points to the breast adipose tissue microenvironment playing an important role. Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction can result in a chronic state of low-grade inflammation. Crown-like structures of the breast (CLS-B) were recently identified as a histologic marker of local inflammation. In this review, we evaluate the early evidence of CLS-B in breast cancer. Data from preclinical and clinical studies show that these inflammatory lesions within the breast are associated with local NF-κB activation, increased aromatase activity, and elevation of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2-derived PGE
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.