SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Parental Age and the Risk of ADHD in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neuropsychiatric outcomes after montelukast versus inhaled corticosteroids in pediatric asthma: a pooled birth cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Shared and disorder-specific prenatal and perinatal risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders: a nationwide cohort study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The impact of pregestational stress on neurodevelopment: Implications for autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: insights, advances and challenges in research and practice.Postepy psychiatrii neurologii · 2025Review
- Setting a research agenda for examining early risk for elevated cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms using data from the ABCD cohort.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Effect of Parental-Child Age Gaps and Skipped-Generation Families on Comorbidities Related to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association between infant feeding and ADHD development in childhood: a birth cohort study in Taiwan.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Maternal exacerbating and protective factors that shape the prevalence and severity of child attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Early environmental predictors for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their co-occurrence: The prospective ABIS-Study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Setting a research agenda for examining early risk for elevated cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms using data from the ABCD cohort.Research square · 2024Article
- Children with a history of both maternal immune activation and prematurity are not at increased risk of ADHD symptoms.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- [Preventive early intervention strategies for neurodevelopmental disorders of high-risk infants].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Review
- Maternal pre-pregnancy and prenatal penicillin, neonatal inflammation and growth factors are associated to ADHD in the offspring.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- The association between autistic-like traits and sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms in children with ADHD.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2024Article
- A systematic meta-review of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2023Review
- Mendelian randomization analysis for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: studying a broad range of exposures and outcomes.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evidence has suggested that parental age at birth is a risk factor of offspring attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies investigating the association between parental age and offspring ADHD. We conducted a systematic search that followed the recommended guidelines for performing meta-analyses on PUBMED, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to 8 April 2021. We calculated pooled risk estimates from individual age with and without adjusting for possible confounding factors. Dose-response analysis for parental age and ADHD risk was performed. Eleven studies were selected in this meta-analysis, which included 111,101 cases and 4,417,148 participants. Compared with the reference points, the lowest parental age category was associated with an increased risk of ADHD in the offspring, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.49 (95% confidence intervals (95%CI) 1.19-1.87) and 1.75 (95%CI 1.31-2.36) for the mother and father, respectively. The highest parental age was statistically insignificant, with adjusted ORs of 1.11 (95%CI 0.79-1.55) and 0.93 (95%CI 0.70-1.23) for mother and father separately. Dose-response analysis indicated a non-linear relationship of parental age with offspring ADHD, with the lowest ADHD risk at 31-35 years old. The results of this meta-analysis support an association between young parental age and the risk of ADHD. More high-quality studies are needed to establish whether the association with parental age is causal.
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