ReviewBrain sciences2021
The Cortical "Upper Motoneuron" in Health and Disease.
Review in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lateral sclerosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is an upper motor neuron distal axonopathy ("dying back"): a clinical-neuropathological study.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of RNS60 in TDP-43 Pathology-Associated Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Muscle & nerve · 2026Article
- Development of a human iPSC-derived corticospinal tract-on-a-chip.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Buried Treasure? Overlooked and Newly Discovered Evolutionary Contributions to Human Brain Diseases.Annals of neurology · 2025Review
- Article
- Establishment of a Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cerebral Cortex Organoid Model for Neurotoxicity Assessment.International journal of stem cells · 2025Article
- High-density multielectrode arrays bring cellular resolution to neuronal activity and network analyses of corticospinal motor neurons.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Neurons Are Not All the Same: Diversity in Neuronal Populations and Their Intrinsic Responses to Spinal Cord Injury.ASN neuro · 2025Review
- Selective Muscle Involvement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Evidence Inferred from the Point of Motor Unit Firing Rates.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2024Article
- Betz cells of the primary motor cortex.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2024Review
- Association between activity in the ventral premotor cortex and spinal cord activation during force generation-A combined cortico-spinal fMRI study.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Novel rAAV vector mediated intrathecal HGF delivery has an impact on neuroimmune modulation in the ALS motor cortex with TDP-43 pathology.Gene therapy · 2023Article
- A brief sketch across multiscale and comparative neuroanatomical features.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2023Article
- Upper motor neurons are a target for gene therapy and UCHL1 is necessary and sufficient to improve cellular integrity of diseased upper motor neurons.Gene therapy · 2022Article
- Neurophysiological differentiation of upper motor neuron damage in neurodegenerative disorders.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2022Article
- The strength of corticomotoneuronal drive underlies ALS split phenotypes and reflects early upper motor neuron dysfunction.Brain and behavior · 2021Review
- Focused Ultrasound Mediated Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Upper motoneurons (UMNs) in motor areas of the cerebral cortex influence spinal and cranial motor mechanisms through the corticospinal tract (CST) and through projections to brainstem motor pathways. The primate corticospinal system has a diverse cortical origin and a wide spectrum of fibre diameters, including large diameter fibres which are unique to humans and other large primates. Direct cortico-motoneuronal (CM) projections from the motor cortex to arm and hand motoneurons are a late evolutionary feature only present in dexterous primates and best developed in humans. CM projections are derived from a more restricted cortical territory ('new' M1, area 3a) and arise not only from corticospinal neurons with large, fast axons but also from those with relatively slow-conducting axons. During movement, corticospinal neurons are organised and recruited quite differently from 'lower' motoneurons. Accumulating evidence strongly implicates the corticospinal system in the early stages of ALS, with particular involvement of CM projections to distal limb muscles, but also to other muscle groups influenced by the CM system. There are important species differences in the organisation and function of the corticospinal system, and appropriate animal models are needed to understand disorders involving the human corticospinal system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.