ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Immunological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Putative Beneficial Role of Vitamin-D.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effects of vitamin D on all-cause mortality in different diseases: an evidence-map and umbrella review of 116 randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- High-dose vitamin D versus placebo to prevent complications in COVID-19 patients: Multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Metabolic control of macrophages in coronavirus disease 2019.Virulence · 2026Review
- Beyond bones, vitamin D as a sunshine hormone in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications.iScience · 2026Review
- Vitamin D Modulates Humoral Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Autoimmune Thyroiditis: An Endocrine-Immune Perspective Supported by Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of vitamin D supplementation as COVID-19 vaccine adjuvant on sperm parameters and sex hormones in men with idiopathic infertility: Two separate pre-post studies.Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine · 2024Article
- Assessment of Serum Levels of Vitamin D and Selected Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Rats Post-Immunized with Inactivated COVID-19 Virus.Archives of Razi Institute · 2024Article
- High-dose vitamin D supplementation in patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Vitamin D Levels as a Marker of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Mechanistic Insight into the role of Vitamin D and Zinc in Modulating Immunity Against COVID-19: A View from an Immunological Standpoint.Biological trace element research · 2023Review
- Navigating the Post-COVID-19 Immunological Era: Understanding Long COVID-19 and Immune Response.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Interactive effect of booster vaccination and vitamin D status on antibody production of Omicron variant-infected adults: A real-world cohort study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2023Article
- Role of FokI rs2228570 and Tru9I rs757343 Polymorphisms in the Mortality of Patients Infected with Different Variants of SARS-CoV-2.Archives of medical research · 2023Article
- A Clinical Update on SARS-CoV-2: Pathology and Development of Potential Inhibitors.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Association of Vitamin D levels on the Clinical Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Tertiary Hospital.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2023Article
- Effect of vitamin D status on adult COVID-19 pneumonia induced by Delta variant: A longitudinal, real-world cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Molecular and pro-inflammatory aspects of COVID-19: The impact on cardiometabolic health.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still an ongoing global health crisis. Immediately after the inhalation of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, alveolar type II epithelial cells harbor and initiate local innate immunity. These particles can infect circulating macrophages, which then present the coronavirus antigens to T cells. Subsequently, the activation and differentiation of various types of T cells, as well as uncontrollable cytokine release (also known as cytokine storms), result in tissue destruction and amplification of the immune response. Vitamin D enhances the innate immunity required for combating COVID-19 by activating toll-like receptor 2. It also enhances antimicrobial peptide synthesis, such as through the promotion of the expression and secretion of cathelicidin and β-defensin; promotes autophagy through autophagosome formation; and increases the synthesis of lysosomal degradation enzymes within macrophages. Regarding adaptive immunity, vitamin D enhances CD4
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.