ReviewToxins2021
The Role of Ultrasound for the Personalized Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Cervical Dystonia.
Review in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dystonia 3×3: A Training Guideline for Beginners in Botulinum Neurotoxin Treatment of Cervical Dystonia.Toxins · 2026Guideline
- Treatment with OnabotulinumtoxinA for Oromandibular Dystonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Toxins · 2024Pooled it
- Botulinum Toxin Effects on Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Toxins · 2024Pooled it
- EMG versus US: a randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy in guiding botulinum toxin treatment in cervical dystonia.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2025Trial
- Review
- Review
- Review
- Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Bruxism Management.Toxins · 2025Article
- Self-perceived preparedness for practice among graduating physical medicine & rehabilitation residents.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- The Role of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Tardive Dyskinesia: A Case Series.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Ultrasonography for Assessment and Intervention With Botulinum Toxin Injection for Tremors.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- The Application of Goal Attainment Scaling in Cervical Dystonia - An Exploratory Observational Pilot Study.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Observational
- Neurosurgical and pharmacological management of dystonia.World journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- Article
- Hypertrophy of the Spinalis Cervicis Muscle in Cervical Dystonia.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Oromandibular Dystonia and Other Movement Disorders in the Stomatognathic System.Toxins · 2022Review
- Pivotal role of obliquus capitis inferior in torticaput revealed by single-photon emission computed tomography.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2022Article
- Article
- Clinical value and advances of electromyography in cervical dystonia: a review.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The visualization of the human body has frequently been groundbreaking in medicine. In the last few years, the use of ultrasound (US) imaging has become a well-established procedure for botulinum toxin therapy in people with cervical dystonia (CD). It is now undisputed among experts that some of the most relevant muscles in this indication can be safely injected under visual US guidance. This review will explore the method from basic technical considerations, current evidence to conceptual developments of the phenomenology of cervical dystonia. We will review the implications of introducing US to our understanding of muscle function and anatomy of common cervical dystonic patterns. We suggest a flow chart for the use of US to achieve a personalized treatment of people with CD. Thus, we hope to contribute a resource that is useful in clinical practice and that stimulates the ongoing development of this valuable technique.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.