Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34065506›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa and Its Diagnostic Tools-A Literature Review.

Antoni Niedzielski, Natalia Kaźmierczak-Wojtaś

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  9. ORTO-Measured Orthorexia Nervosa-Related Tendencies Among Dancers Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multivariate Analysis.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026
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3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Antoni NiedzielskiIndependent General Psychology Unit, Medical University in Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Natalia Kaźmierczak-WojtaśIndependent General Psychology Unit, Medical University in Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-9988-8139

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of this article is to present the up-to-date diagnostic tools of orthorexia and markers of its prevalence on the basis of the available literature. The authors searched PubMedCentral (PMC) and Google Scholar with the search entry of "orthorexia", "orthorexia nervosa", and "orthorexicbehaviours". We describe the tools of evaluation of orthorexicbehaviour (i.e., orthorexia self-test-BOT, the ORTO-15 questionnaire, Eating Habits Questionnaire-EHQ, Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale-DOS, Teruel Orthorexia Scale-TOS, Barcelona Orthorexia Scale-BOS, and Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory-ONI), and offer a review of the studies on orthorexia nervosa. We conclude that there are no reliable data regarding the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa. The available studies point to significant differences in the prevalence depending on the value of cut-off points and tools used. The prevalence varies across countries and across populations, ranging from 6.9% in the Italian population to 88.7% in the group of Brazilian students of dieting. Thus, it indicates that some groups seem to be susceptible to the risk of ON more than others. It is a challenge to determine the prevalence of orthorexia, and any obtained results should be treated with caution. Consequently, we claim that the use of the ORTO-15 questionnaire to diagnose orthorexia is questionable due to a high percentage of falsely positive results.

Indexed as

Feeding and Eating DisordersFeeding BehaviorBrazilHealth BehaviorHumansPrevalenceSurveys and Questionnaireseating disordersORTHO-15orthorexia nervosaprevalencetools

Identifiers

PMID34065506
PMCPMC8160773

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.