ReviewVaccines2021
The Evolving Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment.
Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-Analysis of MiRNA-497 and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors-combined antiangiogenic drugs in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Sublethal heat stress synergizes with the tumor microenvironment to drive recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after thermal ablation: mechanisms, molecular predictors, and targeted interventions.Cell biology and toxicology · 2026Review
- Tumor immune-vascular crosstalk: synergy and translation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents in melanoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- High conversion rate and survival benefits of transarterial chemoembolization with targeted immunotherapy in initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: efficacy, safety, and optimal patient selection.Wideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques · 2025Article
- Updates on incidence, mortality and survival of liver cancer using Korea central cancer registry database: 1999-2022.Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery · 2025Article
- Hypoxia-mediated mJournal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Potential Roles of Serum Exosomal CD155 and its Impact on NK Cell Immunosuppression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Balkan medical journal · 2025Article
- Targeting immune checkpoints in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy: toward combination strategies with curative potential.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling Pathway for Cancer Therapy: Focus on Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- MELK prevents radiofrequency ablation-induced immunogenic cell death and antitumor immune response by stabilizing FABP5 in hepatocellular malignancies.Military Medical Research · 2025Article
- Regulatory Role of Long Noncoding RNAs LINC00449 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mechanism and Prognosis Via Sponge miR-329-3p/KIF5A Axis.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Immune effect and prognosis of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Lenvatinib combined with sintilimab plus transarterial chemoembolization as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- The Complexity of the Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Emerging Therapeutic Developments.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Efficacy and outcome of molecular targeted therapies in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Relative dose intensity associated with overall survival.Cancer medicine · 2023Observational
- Article
- Superoxide dismutase 2 as a predictor in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Role of gut microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: from predictive biomarker to therapeutic target.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2023Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of most common cancers and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Commonly, HCC development occurs in a liver that is severely compromised by chronic injury or inflammation. Liver transplantation, hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and targeted therapies based on tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors are the most common treatments. The latter group have been used as the primary choice for a decade. However, tumor microenvironment in HCC is strongly immunosuppressive; thus, new treatment approaches for HCC remain necessary. The great expression of immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte activating gene 3 protein (LAG-3), and mucin domain molecule 3 (TIM-3), on tumor and immune cells and the high levels of immunosuppressive cytokines induce T cell inhibition and represent one of the major mechanisms of HCC immune escape. Recently, immunotherapy based on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as single agents or in combination with kinase inhibitors, anti-angiogenic drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, and locoregional therapies, offers great promise in the treatment of HCC. This review summarizes the recent clinical studies, as well as ongoing and upcoming trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.