Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34065256›Full record

ReviewCells2021

Siglec Ligands.

Anabel Gonzalez-Gil, Ronald L Schnaar

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
69citing papers in PubMed
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

69 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. JACS Au · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Diagnostic significance of salivary and glandular siglec-5 in Sjögren disease and non-Sjögren sicca.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Siglecs: From Biomodulation to Immunotherapy.Current protein & peptide science · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Exploring Siglecs: Potential Modulators of Immune Cells in Food Allergy and Therapeutic Applications.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2025
    Review
  19. M2-Like Macrophages Exhibit Sialic Acid-Enhanced Efferocytosis via the Siglec CD22.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025
    Article
  20. The Role of Glycans in Human Immunity-A Sweet Code.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review

9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anabel Gonzalez-GilDepartment of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1618-8920
Ronald L SchnaarDepartment of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7701-5484
Johns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Using siglecs and their ligands to treat allergic diseases SALTADU19AI136443 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI SCHNAAR, RONALD L · 2018 to 2022
$7.6M
Immersive Training in GlycosciencesK12HL141952 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI HASCALL, VINCENT CHARLES, SCHNAAR, RONALD L · 2018 to 2022
$4.8M
Ganglioside interactome toolkitU01CA241953 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SCHNAAR, RONALD L · 2019 to 2021
$1.5M
Regulation of microglia in Alzheimer's Disease by Siglecs and Siglec ligandsR56AG068089 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI LI, TONG, SCHNAAR, RONALD L · 2020 to 2020
$786k
Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute 042337NCI NIH HHS U01 CA241953NHLBI NIH HHS K12 HL141952NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI136443NIA NIH HHS R56 AG068089
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A dense and diverse array of glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids decorate all cell surfaces. In vertebrates, many of these carry sialic acid, in a variety of linkages and glycan contexts, as their outermost sugar moiety. Among their functions, glycans engage complementary glycan binding proteins (lectins) to regulate cell physiology. Among the glycan binding proteins are the Siglecs, sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. In humans, there are 14 Siglecs, most of which are expressed on overlapping subsets of immune system cells. Each Siglec engages distinct, endogenous sialylated glycans that initiate signaling programs and regulate cellular responses. Here, we explore the emerging science of Siglec ligands, including endogenous sialoglycoproteins and glycolipids and synthetic sialomimetics. Knowledge in this field promises to reveal new molecular pathways controlling cell physiology and new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

Indexed as

AnimalsCarrier ProteinsGlycolipidsGlycoproteinsHumansLigandsPolysaccharidesSialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like LectinsCarrier ProteinsGlycolipidsGlycoproteinsLigandsPolysaccharidesSialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like LectinsB cellseosinophilsimmune checkpointmacrophagesmast cellsmicrogliamonocytesmyelin associated glycoproteinneutrophilsNK cellssialic acid

Identifiers

PMID34065256
PMCPMC8161119
OpenAlexW4211114435

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.