SynthesisViruses2021
A Semiquantitative Scoring System for Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Assessment of Lesions and Tissue Tropism in Avian Influenza.
Synthesis in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of lawsone and lawsone methyl ether on cyclooxygenase activity, redox balance, and organ-specific toxicity: An integrated computational and experimental study.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Comprehensive pathological, immunohistochemical, and apoptotic analysis of the highly pathogenic avian influenza a virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in poultry in Taiwan.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Inhibitory effects of p-coumaric acid against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O2:K1 in vitro and in vivo.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Renoprotective effects of perampanel against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury: managing NLRP3-pyroptosis and enhancement of antioxidant defense.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Virus and host-associated variations in the interaction of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses with the epithelial target tissue of the chicken reproductive tract.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Pathological evidence of neurotropism and oculotropism in wild black-headed gulls naturally infected with H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Emergence of Novel Reassortant H3N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Southern China: Genetic Complexity and Pathogenicity in Chickens and Mice.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Evolutionary lineage and host origin influence virulence and mammalian adaptation of H7N9 avian influenza viruses.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Cracking the Code: Computational Image Analysis Tools for Histopathological and Morphometric Insights.Journal of imaging · 2026Review
- Epitope-spanning antigenic variation reprograms immunodominance and broadens immunity in sequential influenza vaccination.Nature communications · 2026Article
- In vivo inhibition of JAK-STAT signalling enhances high pathogenicity influenza virus replication in ducks.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Outer membrane vesicles secreted by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli promote its survival within macrophages and systemic infection by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy flux blockade.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- cGAMP-Loaded M2e Nanovaccine Elicits Cross-Reactive Immunity and Mitigates H6N1 Avian Influenza Infection in Chickens.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Natural infections of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in wild birds between 2020 and 2023 in the UK: a retrospective study with focus on microscopic lesions, viral distribution and neurotropism.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Spleen Histopathological Evaluation of Broiler Chickens Challenged withVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
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- Automated quantification of avian influenza virus antigen in different organs.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Brachyspira in dogs: risk factors of shedding in central Germany and longitudinal study of an infected kennel.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Pathological investigation of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N8 in captive houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata), the United Arab Emirates 2020.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The main findings of the post-mortem examination of poultry infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) include necrotizing inflammation and viral antigen in multiple organs. The lesion profile displays marked variability, depending on viral subtype, strain, and host species. Therefore, in this study, a semiquantitative scoring system was developed to compare histopathological findings across a wide range of study conditions. Briefly, the severity of necrotizing lesions in brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, and/or lymphocytic depletion in the spleen is scored on an ordinal four-step scale (0 = unchanged, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe), and the distribution of the viral antigen in parenchymal and endothelial cells is evaluated on a four-step scale (0 = none, 1 = focal, 2 = multifocal, 3 = diffuse). These scores are used for a meta-analysis of experimental infections with H7N7 and H5N8 (clade 2.3.4.4b) HPAIV in chickens, turkeys, and ducks. The meta-analysis highlights the rather unique endotheliotropism of these HPAIV in chickens and a more severe necrotizing encephalitis in H7N7-HPAIV-infected turkeys. In conclusion, the proposed scoring system can be used to condensate HPAIV-typical pathohistological findings into semiquantitative data, thus enabling systematic phenotyping of virus strains and their tissue tropism.
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