ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Density or Connectivity: What Are the Main Causes of the Spatial Proliferation of COVID-19 in Korea?
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of the built environment and human factors on the spread of COVID-19: A systematic literature review.The Science of the total environment · 2022Pooled it
- Pre-existing IgG antibodies to HCoVs NL63 and OC43 Spike increased during the pandemic and after COVID-19 vaccination.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Article
- Spatial Analysis of Health System Factors in Infectious Disease Management: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal hierarchical Bayesian analysis to identify factors associated with COVID-19 in suburban areas in Colombia.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Analysis of factors associated with admission to the intensive care unit of children and adolescents with COVID-19: application of a multilevel model.Critical care science · 2024Article
- Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in Pakistan.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Housing situations and local COVID-19 infection dynamics using small-area data.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Leadership and contagion by COVID-19 among residence hall students: A social network analysis approach.Social networks · 2023Article
- COVID-19 in Baghdad, Iraq: adaptive and emotional findings in a household cluster survey.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- The impact of urban spatial environment on COVID-19: a case study in Beijing.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Geoepidemiological perspective on COVID-19 pandemic review, an insight into the global impact.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Impact of pre-pandemic travel mobility patterns on the spatial diffusion of COVID-19 in South Korea.Journal of transport & health · 2022Article
- Socio-Economic, Demographic and Health Determinants of the COVID-19 Outbreak.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Impact on Residential Preferences in the Early-Stage Outbreak in South Korea.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 has sparked a debate on the vulnerability of densely populated cities. Some studies argue that high-density urban centers are more vulnerable to infectious diseases due to a higher chance of infection in crowded urban environments. Other studies, however, argue that connectivity rather than population density plays a more significant role in the spread of COVID-19. While several studies have examined the role of urban density and connectivity in Europe and the U.S., few studies have been conducted in Asian countries. This study aims to investigate the role of urban spatial structure on COVID-19 by comparing different measures of urban density and connectivity during the first eight months of the outbreak in Korea. Two measures of density were derived from the Korean census, and four measures of connectivity were computed using social network analysis of the Origin-Destination data from the 2020 Korea Transport Database. We fitted both OLS and negative binomial models to the number of confirmed COVID-19 patients and its infection rates at the county level, collected individually from regional government websites in Korea. Results show that both density and connectivity play an important role in the proliferation of the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea. However, we found that the connectivity measure, particularly a measure of network centrality, was a better indicator of COVID-19 proliferation than the density measures. Our findings imply that policies that take into account different types of connectivity between cities might be necessary to contain the outbreak in the early phase.
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