ArticleCancers2021
TET2 Inhibits
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetic Plasticity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Mechanisms of Therapy Resistance, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Tumor cell-intrinsic TET3 restrains type I interferon signaling and anti-tumor immunity.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Changes in active DNA demethylation pathway components during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and their prognostic significance in breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Loss of ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) facilitates aggressive behaviour in cutaneous melanoma by inducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α expression and oxidative phosphorylation.The British journal of dermatology · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of Immune Responses in Endocrine-Related Cancers and Its Role in Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Chemotherapy-Mediated Induction of PD-L1 via SEI1 Facilitates Myeloma Immune Evasion.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Epigenetic activation of CD274/PD-L1 by the MSL complex expands its role beyond dosage compensation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Unravelling the role of TET2 in venous thromboembolism: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Regulatory mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 in cancers.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Article
- TET2 mutation as prototypic clonal hematopoiesis lesion.Seminars in hematology · 2024Review
- Modulation of tumor microenvironment by targeting histone acetylation in bladder cancer.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- TET Enzymes and 5hmC Levels in Carcinogenesis and Progression of Breast Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Hormone Receptor Signaling and Breast Cancer Resistance to Anti-Tumor Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Update on histone deacetylase inhibitors in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL).Clinical epigenetics · 2023Review
- Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy: An effective strategy for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients.Genes & diseases · 2023Review
- The Potential of Senescence as a Target for Developing Anticancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Highly expressed carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11 correlates with unfavorable prognosis and immune evasion of hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Epigenetic modifications: Critical participants of the PD‑L1 regulatory mechanism in solid tumors (Review).International journal of oncology · 2022Review
- Current insight into the regulation of PD-L1 in cancer.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Activation of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint is a critical step for the immune evasion of malignant tumors including breast cancer. However, the epigenetic mechanism underlying the aberrant expression of PD-L1 in breast cancer cells remains poorly understood. To investigate the role of TET2 in the regulation of PD-L1 gene expression, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and MeDIP/hMeDIP-qPCR were performed on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Here, we reported that TET2 depletion upregulated PD-L1 gene expression in MCF7 cells. Conversely, ectopic expression of TET2 inhibited PD-L1 gene expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. Mechanistically, TET2 protein recruits histone deacetylases (HDACs) to PD-L1 gene promoter and orchestrates a repressive chromatin structure to suppress PD-L1 gene transcription, which is likely independent of DNA demethylation. Consistently, treatment with HDAC inhibitors upregulated PD-L1 gene expression in wild-type (WT) but not TET2 KO MCF7 cells. Furthermore, analysis of the CCLE and TCGA data showed a negative correlation between TET2 and PD-L1 expression in breast cancer. Taken together, our results identify a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 gene transcription, linking the catalytic activity-independent role of TET2 to the anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.