ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Permeability of the Retina and RPE-Choroid-Sclera to Three Ophthalmic Drugs and the Associated Factors.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetic model for drug delivery by Ozurdex.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Animal models for the evaluation of retinal stem cell therapies.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- A First-Passage Model of Intravitreal Drug Delivery and Residence Time-Influence of Ocular Geometry, Individual Variability, and Injection Location.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Tissue Engineering of Outer Blood Retina Barrier for Therapeutic Development.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles to deliver drugs to the ocular posterior segment.Drug delivery · 2023Review
- Topical brimonidine induced acute uveal effusion in a patient with nanophthalmos: a case report.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- A Physiology-Based Mathematical Model to Understand Drug Delivery from Contact Lenses to the Back of the Eye.Pharmaceutical research · 2023Article
- Optical coherence tomography findings in fungal uveitis.International ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Preparation and Characterization of Ion-Sensitive Brimonidine Tartrate In Situ Gel for Ocular Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Feasibility of Therapeutic Ultrasound Application in Topical Scleral Delivery of Avastin.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this study, Retina-RPE-Choroid-Sclera (RCS) and RPE-Choroid-Sclera (CS) were prepared by scraping them off neural retina, and using the Ussing chamber we measured the average time-concentration values in the acceptor chamber across five isolated rabbit tissues for each drug molecule. We determined the outward direction permeability of the RCS and CS and calculated the neural retina permeability. The permeability coefficients of RCS and CS were as follows: ganciclovir, 13.78 ± 5.82 and 23.22 ± 9.74; brimonidine, 15.34 ± 7.64 and 31.56 ± 12.46; bevacizumab, 0.0136 ± 0.0059 and 0.0612 ± 0.0264 (×10
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.