ReviewPharmaceutics2021
Degradation of Drug Delivery Nanocarriers and Payload Release: A Review of Physical Methods for Tracing Nanocarrier Biological Fate.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Design, Mechanisms, and Clinical Translation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bridging the Gap: Harnessing Phytochemical-Loaded Nanocarriers for Enhanced Epilepsy Treatment.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Microbial levan potentiates hepatic retention and antitumor activity of a PEGylated benzimidazole-curcumin nanocomplex through TLR2-FXR/FGF15-associated immunometabolic remodeling in experimental liver cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dual-targeted glutathione-glutamate functionalized Bismuth-Niosomes hybrid nanosystem for co-delivery of doxorubicin and Pi3K inhibitor into U87 glioblastoma cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nanomaterials reshaping cancer radiotherapy: Radiosensitization mechanisms, delivery and theranostic platforms, multimodal synergy, and clinical translation strategies.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Barrier-Oriented Design of Next-Generation Polymeric Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Meroterpenoids and Fucoxanthin from the Brown SeaweedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fluorescence bioimaging of drug nanocarriers based on Förster resonance energy transfer, aggregation-induced emission and aggregation-caused quenching.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Smart microdevices for biomedical drug delivery: endogenous stimuli as the key to safer therapeutics.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Hype vs. Health: How Approved Nanomedicines Have Met (or Missed) Early Predictions.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nano-Enabled Delivery of Phage-Based Antibacterials Against ESKAPE Pathogens.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Emerging Breakthroughs in Nano-Ginseng Innovations and Their Therapeutic Implications in Type 2 Diabetes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Overcoming the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease: translational perspectives on advanced drug delivery platforms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for precision targeted and controlled antimicrobial drug delivery in drug-resistant infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- From fragmented neurotechnologies to closed-loop brain health systems: integrating artificial intelligence, digital health, digital twins, and advanced materials for brain disorders.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Delivery strategies to improve the pharmacological efficacy of NRF2 modulators: a review.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Nanocarrier-Based Systems for Targeted Delivery: Current Challenges and Future Directions.MedComm · 2025Review
- Cobalt-nickel metal-organic frameworks (CNMs) as drug delivery agents for triple-negative breast cancer.Nanoscale advances · 2025Article
- Dual-Drug Delivery Systems Using Hydrogel-Nanoparticle Composites: Recent Advances and Key Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Development of Chitosan-Coated Atorvastatin-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles: Intersection of Drug Repurposing and Nanotechnology in Colorectal Cancer Management.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nanoformulations offer multiple advantages over conventional drug delivery, enhancing solubility, biocompatibility, and bioavailability of drugs. Nanocarriers can be engineered with targeting ligands for reaching specific tissue or cells, thus reducing the side effects of payloads. Following systemic delivery, nanocarriers must deliver encapsulated drugs, usually through nanocarrier degradation. A premature degradation, or the loss of the nanocarrier coating, may prevent the drug's delivery to the targeted tissue. Despite their importance, stability and degradation of nanocarriers in biological environments are largely not studied in the literature. Here we review techniques for tracing the fate of nanocarriers, focusing on nanocarrier degradation and drug release both intracellularly and in vivo. Intracellularly, we will discuss different fluorescence techniques: confocal laser scanning microscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, lifetime imaging, flow cytometry, etc. We also consider confocal Raman microscopy as a label-free technique to trace colocalization of nanocarriers and drugs. In vivo we will consider fluorescence and nuclear imaging for tracing nanocarriers. Positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography are used for a quantitative assessment of nanocarrier and payload biodistribution. Strategies for dual radiolabelling of the nanocarriers and the payload for tracing carrier degradation, as well as the efficacy of the payload delivery in vivo, are also discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.