ReviewSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Bluetooth 5.1: An Analysis of Direction Finding Capability for High-Precision Location Services.
Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Fingerprinting to Advanced Machine Learning: A Systematic Review of Wi-Fi and BLE-Based Indoor Positioning Systems.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Probabilistic Grid System for Indoor Mobile Localization Using Multi-Power Bluetooth Beacon Emulator.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A device free high-precision indoor positioning and tracking method based on GMM-WKNN algorithm.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- An electronic toll collection gateway BLE RSSI dataset for localization of smartphones in vehicular scenarios.Scientific data · 2025Article
- A Review of Indoor Localization Methods Leveraging Smartphone Sensors and Spatial Context.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Distance- and Angle-Based Hybrid Localization Integrated in the IEEE 802.15.4 TSCH Communication Protocol.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- SALOS-A UWB Single-Anchor Indoor Localization System Based on a Statistical Multipath Propagation Model.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- 5G Indoor Positioning Error Correction Based on 5G-PECNN.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Bluetooth Device Identification Using RF Fingerprinting and Jensen-Shannon Divergence.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Survey of Latest Wi-Fi Assisted Indoor Positioning on Different Principles.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Direction of Arrival Method for L-Shaped Array with RF Switch: An Embedded Implementation Perspective.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A self-learning mean optimization filter to improve bluetooth 5.1 AoA indoor positioning accuracy for ship environments.Journal of King Saud University. Computer and information sciences · 2023Article
- Improving BLE-Based Passive Human Sensing with Deep Learning.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Machine-learning-enabled metasurface for direction of arrival estimation.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Article
- Dataset for Bluetooth 5.1 Direction of Arrival with non Uniform Rectangular Arrays.Data in brief · 2021Article
- A Practice of BLE RSSI Measurement for Indoor Positioning.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth overview of the Bluetooth 5.1 Direction Finding standard's potentials, thanks to enhancing the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) firmware. This improvement allows producers to create location applications based on the Angle of Departure (AoD) and the Angle of Arrival (AoA). Accordingly, it is conceivable to design proper Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS), for instance, for the traceability of resources, assets, and people. First of all, Radio Frequency (RF) radiogoniometry techniques, helpful in calculating AoA and AoD angles, are introduced in this paper. Subsequently, the topic relating to signal direction estimation is deepened. The Bluetooth Core Specification updates concerning version 5.1, both at the packet architecture and prototyping levels, are also reported. Some suitable platforms and development kits for running the new features are then presented, and some basic applications are illustrated. This paper's final part allows ascertaining the improvement made by this new definition of BLE and possible future developments, especially concerning applications related to devices, assets, or people's indoor localization. Some preliminary results gathered in a real evaluation scenario are also presented.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.