Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34063910›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Bathing Water Quality Monitoring Practices in Europe and the United States.

Ananda Tiwari, David M Oliver, Aaron Bivins, Samendra P Sherchan, Tarja Pitkänen

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Assessing Recreational Safety of Urban Marine Waters: Long-Term Coliform and Enterococcus Analysis.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Multidrug-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2024
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Coastal Water Quality Modelling UsingInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ananda TiwariExpert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
David M OliverBiological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6200-562X
Aaron BivinsDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Science, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Samendra P SherchanDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Tarja PitkänenExpert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-7591-9148

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many countries including EU Member States (EUMS) and the United States (U.S.) regularly monitor the microbial quality of bathing water to protect public health. This study comprehensively evaluates the EU bathing water directive (BWD) and the U.S. recreational water quality criteria (RWQC) as regulatory frameworks for monitoring microbial quality of bathing water. The major differences between these two regulatory frameworks are the provision of bathing water profiles, classification of bathing sites based on the pollution level, variations in the sampling frequency, accepted probable illness risk, epidemiological studies conducted during the development of guideline values, and monitoring methods. There are also similarities between the two approaches given that both enumerate viable fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) as an index of the potential risk to human health in bathing water and accept such risk up to a certain level. However, enumeration of FIB using methods outlined within these current regulatory frameworks does not consider the source of contamination nor variation in inactivation rates of enteric microbes in different ecological contexts, which is dependent on factors such as temperature, solar radiation, and salinity in various climatic regions within their geographical areas. A comprehensive "tool-box approach", i.e., coupling of FIB and viral pathogen indicators with microbial source tracking for regulatory purposes, offers potential for delivering improved understanding to better protect the health of bathers.

Indexed as

Bathing BeachesWater QualityEnvironmental MonitoringEuropeFecesHumansUnited StatesWater MicrobiologyWater Pollutionbathing and recreational waterbathing water directivemicrobial qualityrecreational water quality criteriatool-box-approach

Identifiers

PMID34063910
PMCPMC8196636

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.