Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34063739›Full record

ReviewJournal of xenobiotics2021

Pathogenesis and Management of COVID-19.

Khalid O Alfarouk, Sari T S AlHoufie, Samrein B M Ahmed, Mona Shabana, Ahmed Ahmed, Saad S Alqahtani, Ali S Alqahtani, Ali M Alqahtani, AbdelRahman M Ramadan, Mohamed E Ahmed and 7 more

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of xenobiotics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. An Elderly COVID-19 Patient with Community-AcquiredHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 11 institutions in 7 countries.

Khalid O AlfaroukHala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Department of Evolutionary Pharmacology and Tumor Metabolism, Khartoum 11123, Sudan.ORCID 0000-0001-8656-6117
Sari T S AlHoufieMedical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia.
Samrein B M AhmedCollege of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
Mona ShabanaPharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
Ahmed AhmedDepartment of Oesphogastric and General Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
Saad S AlqahtaniPharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Ali S AlqahtaniDepartment of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 66446, Saudi Arabia.
Ali M AlqahtaniDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-2240-4757
AbdelRahman M RamadanDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah 22421, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed E AhmedResearch Center, Zamzam University College, Khartoum 11123, Sudan.
Heyam S AliFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 321, Khartoum 11111, Sudan.ORCID 0000-0002-4441-0525
Adil BashirHala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Department of Evolutionary Pharmacology and Tumor Metabolism, Khartoum 11123, Sudan.
Jesus DevesaScientific Direction, Foltra Medical Centre, 15886 Teo, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4153-2543
Rosa A CardoneDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2011-9135
Muntaser E IbrahimInstitute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan.
Laurent SchwartzAssistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 75003 Paris, France.
Stephan J ReshkinDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9757-5908
University of Khartoum · SDNajran University · SAUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro · ITAl-Neelain University · SDAssistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris · FRFayoum University · EGIbn Sina National College for Medical Studies · SAJazan University · SATaibah University · SAUniversity Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust · GBUniversity of Sharjah · AE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

COVID-19, occurring due to SARS-COV-2 infection, is the most recent pandemic disease that has led to three million deaths at the time of writing. A great deal of effort has been directed towards altering the virus trajectory and/or managing the interactions of the virus with its subsequent targets in the human body; these interactions can lead to a chain reaction-like state manifested by a cytokine storm and progress to multiple organ failure. During cytokine storms the ratio of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory mediators is generally increased, which contributes to the instigation of hyper-inflammation and confers advantages to the virus. Because cytokine expression patterns fluctuate from one person to another and even within the same person from one time to another, we suggest a road map of COVID-19 management using an individual approach instead of focusing on the blockbuster process (one treatment for most people, if not all). Here, we highlight the biology of the virus, study the interaction between the virus and humans, and present potential pharmacological and non-pharmacological modulators that might contribute to the global war against SARS-COV-2. We suggest an algorithmic roadmap to manage COVID-19.

Indexed as

COVID-19cytokine stormpharmacologySARS-COV-2virus

Identifiers

PMID34063739
PMCPMC8163157
OpenAlexW3163538026

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.