ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
B Cells and Microbiota in Autoimmunity.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut mucosal barrier: the frontline of bidirectional regulation of the gut-X axis.Medical review (2021) · 2026Review
- Intranasal MyD88-adjuvanted DNA vaccine against P. gingivalis in rat periodontitis.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota orchestrates bone homeostasis: a multi-pathway network from intestine to skeleton.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Gut bacteriome alterations during high altitude exposure: a comprehensive analysis of different species.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Interactions between the gut microbiota and immune cell dynamics: novel insights into the gut-bone axis.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Immune Modulation by Microbiota and Its Possible Impact on Polyomavirus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The influence of the gut microbiota on B cells in autoimmune diseases.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota-Based Immunotherapy: EngineeredMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Ectopic germinal centers in the nasal turbinates contribute to B cell immunity to intranasal viral infection and vaccination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The influence of immune regulation mediated by intestinal microbiota on postmenopausal osteoporosis and intervention strategies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Immunological mechanisms in steatotic liver diseases: An overview and clinical perspectives.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2024Review
- Gut dysbiosis impacts the immune system and promotes prostate cancer.Immunology letters · 2024Review
- Gut Bacteria Provide Genetic and Molecular Reporter Systems to Identify Specific Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Microbiome Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Combatting Infectious Diseases.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Review
- TRAF3 suppression encourages B cell recruitment and prolongs survival of microbiome-intact mice with ovarian cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Article
- The Role of Nutritional Factors in the Modulation of the Composition of the Gut Microbiota in People with Autoimmune Diabetes.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Metabolic Phenotype and Microbiome of Infants Fed Formula ContainingFrontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Immune Phenomena in Myeloid Neoplasms: An "Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Trillions of microorganisms inhabit the mucosal membranes maintaining a symbiotic relationship with the host's immune system. B cells are key players in this relationship because activated and differentiated B cells produce secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which binds commensals to preserve a healthy microbial ecosystem. Mounting evidence shows that changes in the function and composition of the gut microbiota are associated with several autoimmune diseases suggesting that an imbalanced or dysbiotic microbiota contributes to autoimmune inflammation. Bacteria within the gut mucosa may modulate autoimmune inflammation through different mechanisms from commensals ability to induce B-cell clones that cross-react with host antigens or through regulation of B-cell subsets' capacity to produce cytokines. Commensal signals in the gut instigate the differentiation of IL-10 producing B cells and IL-10 producing IgA+ plasma cells that recirculate and exert regulatory functions. While the origin of the dysbiosis in autoimmunity is unclear, compelling evidence shows that specific species have a remarkable influence in shaping the inflammatory immune response. Further insight is necessary to dissect the complex interaction between microorganisms, genes, and the immune system. In this review, we will discuss the bidirectional interaction between commensals and B-cell responses in the context of autoimmune inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.