Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34063274›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutics2021

Design and Optimization of Orally Administered Luteolin Nanoethosomes to Enhance Its Anti-Tumor Activity against Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Mahmoud M A Elsayed, Tarek M Okda, Gamal M K Atwa, Gamal A Omran, Atef E Abd Elbaky, Abd El Hakim Ramadan

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Effect of Fine Particulate Matter Exposure on Liver Enzymes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Potential anticancer effects and toxicity of flavones luteolin and apigeninJournal of environmental science and health. Part C, Toxicology and carcinogenesis · 2025
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Luteolin-Loaded Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Melanoma.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Mahmoud M A ElsayedDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, P.O. Box 82524, Sohag 82524, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0001-9547-2243
Tarek M OkdaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhur University, Damanhur 22516, Egypt.
Gamal M K AtwaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42515, Egypt.
Gamal A OmranDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhur University, Damanhur 22516, Egypt.
Atef E Abd ElbakyDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42515, Egypt.
Abd El Hakim RamadanDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42515, Egypt.
Port Said University · EGDamanhour University · EGSohag University · EG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Luteolin (LUT) is a natural flavonoid with low oral bioavailability with restricted clinical applications due to its low solubility. LUT shows significant anti-tumor activity in many cancer cells, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The most recent trend in pharmaceutical innovations is the application of phospholipid vesicles to improve the solubility of such hydrophobic drugs. Ethosomes are one of the most powerful phospholipid vesicles used to achieve that that target. In this study, LUT-loaded ethosomal nanoparticles (LUT-ENPs) were prepared by the cold method. Full factorial design and response surface methodology were used to analyze and optimize the selected formulation variables. Drug entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, zeta potential, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and cumulative percent drug released was estimated. The selected LUT-ENPs were subjected to further investigations as estimation of hepatic gene expression levels of GPC3, liver biomarkers, and oxidative stress biomarkers. The prepared LUT-ENPs were semi-spherical in shape with high entrapment efficiency. The prepared LUT-ENPs have a small particle size with high zeta potential values. The in vitro liver biomarkers assay revealed a significant decrease in the hepatic tissue nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the expression of the GPC3 gene. Results showed a high increase in the hepatic tissue levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histopathological examination showed a small number of hepatic adenomas and a significant decrease of neoplastic hepatic lesions after treatment with LUT-ENPs. Our results firmly suggest the distinctive anti-proliferative activity of LUT-ENPs as an oral drug delivery system for the treatment of HCC.

Indexed as

ethosomeshepatocellular carcinomaluteolinnanoparticlenano-sized vesiclesoxidative stress biomarkers

Identifiers

PMID34063274
PMCPMC8147467
OpenAlexW3157965857

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.