Trial reportToxins2021
An Innovative Synbiotic Formulation Decreases Free Serum Indoxyl Sulfate, Small Intestine Permeability and Ameliorates Gastrointestinal Symptoms in a Randomized Pilot Trial in Stage IIIb-IV CKD Patients.
Trial report in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 53 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Personalized Dietary and Lifestyle Treatments on the Reduction of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk in Overweight and Obese Patients
De-Risking Metabolic, Environmental and Behavioral Determinants of Obesity in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Gut Microbiome Modulation on Uremic Toxin Reduction in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of probiotics/synbiotics supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics on serum creatinine in non-dialysis patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Renal failure · 2023Pooled it
- Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Microbiota-Driven Therapy on Circulating Indoxyl Sulfate and P-Cresyl Sulfate in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Microecological Preparations for Improving Renal Function and Metabolic Profiles in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of probiotic supplementation on disease progression in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Modulating effects of microbiota on synbiotic intervention outcomes for microbiota-derived trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide and indoxyl sulfate in healthy young medical students: insights from a 12-week randomized clinical trial.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- The effects of synbiotics on indoxyl sulphate level, constipation, and quality of life associated with constipation in chronic haemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial.BMC nephrology · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Functional Reconstruction of the Gut Microecosystem in Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders: Roles of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics and Postbiotics.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Impact of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Trials.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Lactulose, a Disaccharide Prebiotic, Improves the Gut-Kidney Axis via Enhancement of Akkermansia Muciniphila Production.Kidney360 · 2026Article
- Gut-kidney axis: Dysbiosis and renal disease.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- The gut as a central hub for multi-organ crosstalk in aging.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Targeting gut-liver-kidney axis: microbiota-derived metabolites and therapeutic implications.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Insights From Indian Nephrology Experts.Cureus · 2026Review
- Microbiota management: a perspective for kidney transplant patients.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Review
- Microbiota-derived metabolites and cognitive dysfunction in dialysis patients: mechanisms and targeted therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut dysbiosis and constipation in patients with end-stage renal disease: pathogenic associations and therapeutic interventions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Proteolytic dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been recognized as both a typical feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a risk factor for its progression. Blood accumulation of gut-derived uremic toxins (UTs) like indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), intestinal permeability and constipation are typical features accompanying CKD progression and triggering chronic inflammation. In order to verify the efficacy of the innovative synbiotic formulation NATUREN G
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.