ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Ion-Complex Microcrystal Formulation Provides Sustained Delivery of a Multimodal Kinase Inhibitor from the Subconjunctival Space for Protection of Retinal Ganglion Cells.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Multi-Omics Approach to Identify Druggable Effector Genes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Sunitinib's Effect on Bilateral Optic Nerve Damage in Rats Following the Unilateral Clamping and Unclamping of the Common Carotid Artery.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Preservation of Murine Whole Eyes With Supplemented UW Cold Storage Solution: Anatomical Considerations.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- A Glucose-Responsive Hydrogel Inhibits Primary and Secondary BRB Injury for Retinal Microenvironment Remodeling in Diabetic Retinopathy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Next generation therapeutics for retinal neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Review
- Long-Acting Ocular Injectables: Are We Looking In The Right Direction?Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Engineered peptide-drug conjugate provides sustained protection of retinal ganglion cells with topical administration in rats.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2023Article
- Injectable, Drug-Eluting Nanocrystals Prevent Fibrosis and Stricture Formation In Vivo.Gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Six-month effective treatment of corneal graft rejection.Science advances · 2023Article
- Targeted Microglial Attenuation through Dendrimer-Drug Conjugates Improves Glaucoma Neuroprotection.Biomacromolecules · 2023Article
- Breaking Barriers in Eye Treatment: Polymeric Nano-Based Drug-Delivery System for Anterior Segment Diseases and Glaucoma.Polymers · 2023Review
- New strategies for neuro protection in glaucoma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- An ion-paired moxifloxacin nanosuspension eye drop provides improved prevention and treatment of ocular infection.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2021Article
- Novel Microcrystal Formulations of Sorafenib Facilitate a Long-Acting Antitumor Effect and Relieve Treatment Side Effects as Observed With Fundus Microcirculation Imaging.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
28 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the major risk factors for glaucoma onset and progression, and available pharmaceutical interventions are exclusively targeted at IOP lowering. However, degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) may continue to progress despite extensive lowering of IOP. A complementary strategy to IOP reduction is the use of neuroprotective agents that interrupt the process of cell death by mechanisms independent of IOP. Here, we describe an ion complexation approach for formulating microcrystals containing ~50% loading of a protein kinase inhibitor, sunitinib, to enhance survival of RGCs with subconjunctival injection. A single subconjunctival injection of sunitinib-pamoate complex (SPC) microcrystals provided 20 weeks of sustained retina drug levels, leading to neuroprotection in a rat model of optic nerve injury. Furthermore, subconjunctival injection of SPC microcrystals also led to therapeutic effects in a rat model of corneal neovascularization. Importantly, therapeutically relevant retina drug concentrations were achieved with subconjunctival injection of SPC microcrystals in pigs. For a chronic disease such as glaucoma, a formulation that provides sustained therapeutic effects to complement IOP lowering therapies could provide improved disease management and promote patient quality of life.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.