ArticleViruses2021
N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid in Animal Models for Human Influenza A Virus.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Receptor basis of unusual tissue tropism of avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus in cattle.Science advances · 2026Article
- Serum Sialic Acid as a Biomarker of Inflammation and Infection: Insights From Veterinary Medicine.Veterinary medicine international · 2026Review
- Efficient airborne transmission of influenza D virus in ferret models and serological evidence of human exposure in Northeast China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Dysregulated Sialylation in Cancer: From Immunosuppressive Microenvironment to Siglec-Targeted Therapeutics.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Review
- Differential tissue tropism and transmission efficiency of two dominant influenza D clades with overlapping but distinct receptor binding fine specificities in ferrets.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Epistasis in the receptor-binding domain of contemporary H3N2 viruses that reverted to bind sialylated di-LacNAc repeats.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Viral Mastitis Associated with Influenza A in Dairy Cattle.The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice · 2025Review
- Neuraminidase-mediated enhancement ofmBio · 2025Article
- Evaluation and Characterization of Acute respiratory distress syndrome in tree shrews through TMT proteomic method.PloS one · 2025Article
- Mucosal multivalent NDV-based vaccine provides cross-reactive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants in animal models.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Glycocalyx: The Importance of Sugar Coating the Blood-Brain Barrier.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Sialic Acid Receptor Specificity in Mammary Gland of Dairy Cattle Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The avian influenza A virus receptor SA-α2,3-Gal is expressed in the porcine nasal mucosa sustaining the pig as a mixing vessel for new influenza viruses.Virus research · 2024Article
- Contemporary human H3N2 influenza A viruses require a low threshold of suitable glycan receptors for efficient infection.Glycobiology · 2023Article
- An In Silico Functional Analysis of Non-Synonymous Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of BovinePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Single Particle Analysis of H3N2 Influenza Entry Differentiates the Impact of the Sialic Acids (Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc) on Virus Binding and Membrane Fusion.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Influence of Host Sialic Acid Receptors Structure on the Host Specificity of Influenza Viruses.Viruses · 2022Review
- Wild and domestic animals variably display Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc sialic acids.Glycobiology · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The first step in influenza virus infection is the binding of hemagglutinin to sialic acid-containing glycans present on the cell surface. Over 50 different sialic acid modifications are known, of which N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) are the two main species. Animal models with α2,6 linked Neu5Ac in the upper respiratory tract, similar to humans, are preferred to enable and mimic infection with unadapted human influenza A viruses. Animal models that are currently most often used to study human influenza are mice and ferrets. Additionally, guinea pigs, cotton rats, Syrian hamsters, tree shrews, domestic swine, and non-human primates (macaques and marmosets) are discussed. The presence of NeuGc and the distribution of sialic acid linkages in the most commonly used models is summarized and experimentally determined. We also evaluated the role of Neu5Gc in infection using Neu5Gc binding viruses and cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH)
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.