ArticleBiomedicines2021
The Effects of Macrophage Phenotype on Osteogenic Differentiation of MSCs in the Presence of Polyethylene Particles.
Article in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Key Inflammatory Pathways, Biomarkers, and Targeted Management Strategies in Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Organ-on-chip bridging musculoskeletal disease modeling and precision therapeutic discovery.Trends in biotechnology · 2026Review
- Titanium Surface Roughness Mediated Macrophages Polarization-Influenced Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.European journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- The role of medium-rough implant surface topography on macrophages polarization in age-independent manner.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Regulation of bone immunity by metal ions: a review of mechanisms and application progress.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Can alternatives to animal testing yield useful information regarding biological mechanisms and drug discovery?Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Metformin Modulates Cell Oxidative Stress to Mitigate Corticosteroid-Induced Suppression of Osteogenesis in a 3D Model.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Metabolic profile of mesenchymal stromal cells and macrophages in the presence of polyethylene particles in a 3D model.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Article
- Synovial joint-on-a-chip for modeling arthritis: progress, pitfalls, and potential.Trends in biotechnology · 2023Review
- Polarization Behavior of Bone Macrophage as Well as Associated Osteoimmunity in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Review
- Nano wear particles and the periprosthetic microenvironment in aseptic loosening induced osteolysis following joint arthroplasty.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Macrophages in Health and Non-Infectious Disease 2.0.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Macrophage Polarization and the Osteoimmunology of Periprosthetic Osteolysis.Current osteoporosis reports · 2022Review
- Macrophages Modulate the Function of MSC- and iPSC-Derived Fibroblasts in the Presence of Polyethylene Particles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Wear debris generated from the bearing surfaces of joint arthroplasties leads to acute and chronic inflammation, which is strongly associated with implant failure. Macrophages derived from monocytes recruited to the local tissues have a significant impact on bone healing and regeneration. Macrophages can adopt various functional phenotypes. While M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory, M2 macrophages express factors important for tissue repair. Here, we established a 3D co-culture system to investigate how the immune system influences the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the presence of micron-sized particles. This system allowed for the simulation of an inflammatory reaction via the addition of Lipopolysaccharide-contaminated polyethylene particles (cPE) and the characterization of bone formation using micro-CT and gene and protein expression. Co-cultures of MSCs with M2 macrophages in the presence of cPE in a 3D environment resulted in the increased expression of osteogenic markers, suggesting facilitation of bone formation. In this model, the upregulation of M2 macrophage expression of immune-associated genes and cytokines contributes to enhanced bone formation by MSCs. This study elucidates how the immune system modulates bone healing in response to an inflammatory stimulus using a unique 3D culture system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.