ArticleEnvironment international2021
Urinary specific gravity measures in the U.S. population: Implications for the adjustment of non-persistent chemical urinary biomarker data.
Article in Environment international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Phenols, Parabens, Phthalates and Puberty: a Systematic Review of Synthetic Chemicals Commonly Found in Personal Care Products and Girls' Pubertal Development.Current environmental health reports · 2022Pooled it
- Phthalates and bone mineral density: a systematic review.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Pooled it
- Low-energy cooling strategies modulate biomarkers of kidney injury risk in older adults exposed to very hot and dry heat.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2026Trial
- Urinary haloacetic acid concentrations and asthenozoospermia risk: a case-control study in China.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Intra-individual variability of urinary non-persistent chemical concentrations during pregnancy in the ECHO Cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- A Pilot Study to Explore the Application of Silicone Wristband-Based Chemical Exposure Assessment to Kidney Disease Epidemiology in Agricultural Workers.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Prenatal urinary BTEX metabolite levels and length of gestation: preliminary results from a metropolitan Detroit birth cohort.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Phthalate and Terephthalate Mixtures, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and the Role of Oxidative Stress: Evidence from NHANES 2015-2018.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Article
- An assessment of measurement error when using maternal urinary phthalates as proxies for placental tissue levels in the estimation of the association of prenatal phthalates and infant anogenital distance.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Associations of prenatal metal exposures with autism-related outcomes in the ECHO cohort.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Associations of Exposure to Common Plasticizers and Organophosphate Pesticides during Pregnancy and in Childhood with Cognitive Performance in Adolescents: A Population-Based Study.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of integrated, multimedia biomarkers of prenatal metals exposure in association with child neurodevelopment in Puerto Rico.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Gestational Exposure to 10 Classes of Priority Chemicals and Birth Outcomes in the ECHO Cohort.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Considerations for the Analysis of Urinary Environmental Chemical Concentrations During Pregnancy.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal patterns of urinary biomarkers of placental and renal function in pregnancy and associations with early pregnancy exposure to phthalates and replacements.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Oxidative stress and fetal weight: observational findings from a pregnancy cohort in New York City.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Observational
- Prenatal phthalate and bisphenol exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus: a birth cohort study in New York City.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Prenatal phthalate exposure and neurodevelopmental delay in early childhood (1 to 3 years): An Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) study.Environment international · 2026Article
- Occupational exposure to tris (chloropropyl) phosphate in flexible polyurethane foam workers: exposure levels and risk assessment.Annals of work exposures and health · 2026Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUrinary biomarkers are often corrected for sample dilution using creatinine, which is influenced by sociodemographic factors and certain health conditions. It is unknown whether these factors similarly influence specific gravity.
objectivesTo identify predictors of specific gravity and creatinine and compare methods for correcting estimated chemical concentrations for sample dilution using these measures.
methodsWe assessed predictors of urinary specific gravity and creatinine among NHANES 2007-2008 participants (n = 7257). We corrected concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) for dilution using two methods, each applied to both specific gravity and creatinine: correction using a sample mean of the dilution indicator (i.e., specific gravity or creatinine) and covariate-adjusted standardization. We compared distributions and assessed the agreement of uncorrected or corrected concentrations visually using Bland-Altman plots and statistically by Kendall's τ
resultsGender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and height were associated with urinary specific gravity and creatinine. Distributions of corrected MnBP concentrations were comparable for both methods and dilution indicators, but agreement between methods was greater for specific gravity. Additionally, specific gravity- and creatinine-corrected MnBP concentrations had slightly greater agreement with each other when corrected using a covariate-adjusted standardization method. DISCUSSION: Specific gravity, like creatinine, is associated with sociodemographic and body composition variables. Accounting for these factors as part of the dilution correction method may be important to minimize bias.
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