Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34062293›Full record

ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2021

Prevalence of current mental disorders before and during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of repeated nationwide cross-sectional surveys.

Petr Winkler, Zuzana Mohrova, Karolina Mlada, Marie Kuklova, Anna Kagstrom, Pavel Mohr, Tomas Formanek

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
10.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Caring for Those Who Care.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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  9. Exploring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Student Mental Health: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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  10. Alcohol use and COVID-19: three-year impact for the Czech Republic.Central European journal of public health · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Petr WinklerDepartment of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, David Goldberg Centre, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom. Electronic address: petr.winkler@nudz.cz.
Zuzana MohrovaDepartment of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.
Karolina MladaDepartment of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic.
Marie KuklovaDepartment of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.
Anna KagstromDepartment of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.
Pavel MohrClinical Center, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic.
Tomas FormanekDepartment of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic; Epi Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Buidling for Brain & Mind Sciences, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom.
National Institute of Mental Health · CZCharles University · CZKing's College London · GBUniversity of Cambridge · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo assess the prevalence of mental disorders during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in comparison with both, baseline and the first wave of the pandemic, and to identify disproportionally affected non-clinical subgroups. MATERIAL AND

methodsWe used data from three nationally representative cross-sectional studies and compared the prevalence of current mood and anxiety disorders, and alcohol-use disorders at baseline (November 2017, n = 3306), immediately after the first peak (May 2020, n = 3021), and during the second peak (November 2020, n = 3000) of COVID-19 in Czechia. We used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) as a screening instrument, and calculated weighted prevalence (%) with 95% weighted confidence intervals (95% CIs). Additionally, we examined the prevalence of these disorders across different non-clinical population sub-groups during the second wave of the pandemic.

resultsThe proportion of individuals experiencing at least one mental disorder was highest during the second wave of the pandemic (32.94%, 95% CI = 31.14%; 34.77%), when compared to both the baseline in November 2017 (20.02%, 95% CI = 18.64%; 21.39%), and the first wave in May 2020 (29.63%, 95% CI = 27.9%; 31.37%). Younger adults, students, those having lost a job or on forced leave, and those with only elementary education displayed disproportionally high prevalence of mental disorders.

conclusionsOur findings suggest that population mental health has not returned to pre-COVID-19 levels. It seems that mental health of some population subgroups, such as young adults or those worse off economically, might have been affected disproportionately by the COVID-19 situation, and future studies identifying high-risk groups are warranted.

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsAnxietyCross-Sectional StudiesCzech RepublicDepressionHumansPrevalenceSARS-CoV-2Surveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultAnxietyCOVID-19DepressionMental disordersPrevalenceSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34062293
PMCPMC8769682
OpenAlexW3164645598

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.