ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2021
Differential effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on well-being: interaction between age, gender and chronotype.
Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and school closures on self-harming and suicidal behaviors in adolescents: A comprehensive meta-analysis.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Protective Role of Regular Physical Activity on Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Terminating pandemics with smartwatches.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Social media impact and smartwatch monitoring: Prevalence and early markers of PTSD and anxiety following mass traumatic events.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Comparison of physiological and clinical reactions to COVID-19 and influenza vaccination.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Prediction and detection of side effects severity following COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations: utilizing smartwatches and smartphones.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Exploring the gender gap in young adult mental health during COVID-19: Evidence from the UK.PloS one · 2024Article
- Distance Learning in Nursing Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Psychosocial Impact for the Greek Nursing Students-A Qualitative Approach.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Real-time sensing of war's effects on wellbeing with smartphones and smartwatches.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- Safety of the fourth COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA (second booster) vaccine: a prospective and retrospective cohort study.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Sleep during "lockdown" highlighted the need to rethink the concept of weekend catch-up sleep.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2022Article
- Higher sensitivity monitoring of reactions to COVID-19 vaccination using smartwatches.NPJ digital medicine · 2022Article
- Mobility and wellbeing during the covid-19 lockdown. Evidence from Spain.Transportation research. Part A, Policy and practice · 2022Article
- Self-Reported and Physiologic Reactions to Third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (Booster) Vaccine Dose.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Observational
- Changes in sleep patterns of college students in Israel during COVID-19 lockdown, a sleep diaries study.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2022Article
- Utilizing wearable sensors for continuous and highly-sensitive monitoring of reactions to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.Communications medicine · 2022Article
- Human mobility and poverty as key drivers of COVID-19 transmission and control.BMC public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The unprecedented restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic altered our daily habits and severely affected our well-being and physiology. The effect of these changes is yet to be fully understood. Here, we analysed highly detailed data on 169 participants for two to six months, before and during the second COVID-19 lockdown in Israel. We extracted 12 well-being indicators from sensory data of smartwatches and from self-reported questionnaires, filled daily using a designated mobile application. We found that, in general, lockdowns resulted in significant changes in mood, sleep duration, sport duration, social encounters, resting heart rate and number of steps. Examining subpopulations, we found that younger participants (aged 20-40 years) suffered from a greater decline in mood and number of steps than older participants (aged 60-80 years). Likewise, women suffered from a higher increase in stress and reduction in social encounters than men. Younger early chronotypes did not increase their sleep duration and exhibited the highest drop in mood. Our findings underscore that while lockdowns severely impacted our well-being and physiology in general, greater damage has been identified in certain subpopulations. Accordingly, special attention should be given to younger people, who are usually not in the focus of social support, and to women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.