ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2021
Interleukin-4 protects mice against lethal influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infected pneumonia.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using interpretable machine learning models to predict the occurrence of severe influenza in hospitalized children: a retrospective cohort study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- T-cell immunity against influenza virus does not require Th1 or Th17 master regulator transcription factors.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- IL-4 and TGF-β regulate inflammatory cytokines and cellular infiltration in the lung and systemic IL-6 in mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infection.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- The subsets of blood circulating T-cells associated with the development and prognosis of coinfection in patients with critical COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Post-influenza bacterial infection: mechanisms of pathogenesis and advances in therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Ally, adversary, or arbitrator? The context-dependent role of eosinophils in vaccination for respiratory viruses and subsequent breakthrough infections.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2024Review
- Pyroptosis in microbial infectious diseases.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- Interleukin-4 protects mice against lethal influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infected pneumonia.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infection post-influenza is a major cause of mortality characterized by uncontrolled bacteria burden and excessive immune response during influenza pandemics. Interleukin (IL)-4 is a canonical type II immune cytokine known for its wide range of biological activities on different cell types. It displays protective roles in numerous infectious diseases and immune-related diseases, but its role in influenza and S. pneumoniae (influenza/S. pneumoniae) co-infected pneumonia has not been reported. In our study, we used C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and IL-4-deficient (IL-4
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.