ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2021
Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, Confidence, and Public Engagement: A Global Social Listening Study.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Sperm Quality: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Pooled it
- The Role of Trust in COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: Considerations from a Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Safety of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNtech (BNT162b2) mRNA vaccination in adolescents aged 12-17 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Potential factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy: A systematic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Timeliness gap in non‑EPI Childhood vaccination in urban China: a five-city study of socioeconomic determinants and caregiver preferences.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Vaccine communication: a critical review of foundations, challenges, and future directions.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Global Sentiment Toward Health AI at the Dawn of the ChatGPT Era: Empirical Analysis of Twitter (X) Discourse.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- A suite of large language models for public health infoveillance.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Calculating and unconvinced: exploring psychological antecedents of HPV vaccination among Polish-speaking Facebook users.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Mapping Eight Decades of Vaccination Social Science: Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Ecuador From 2019 to 2021: Comparative Analysis.JMIRx med · 2025Article
- The credibility struggle of mRNA vaccine rumors: A communication model to understand the impact of skepticism on public perception.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- The Role of Influencers and Echo Chambers in the Diffusion of Vaccine Misinformation: Opinion Mining in a Taiwanese Online Community.JMIR infodemiology · 2025Article
- Willingness to Pay for the COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Correlates in Bangladesh: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIRx med · 2025Article
- Gender and Socio-Economic Inequities in Social Listening: Evidence from Two Quantitative Case Studies in India.Asian bioethics review · 2025Article
- Four Key Questions to Guide Human Rights-based Social Listening during Infodemics.Asian bioethics review · 2025Article
- Components of a Digital Storytelling Intervention for Human Papillomavirus and Cancer Prevention Among LGBTQ+ Individuals: Formative Mixed Methods Inquiry.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMonitoring public confidence and hesitancy is crucial for the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. Social media listening (infoveillance) can not only monitor public attitudes on COVID-19 vaccines but also assess the dissemination of and public engagement with these opinions.
objectiveThis study aims to assess global hesitancy, confidence, and public engagement toward COVID-19 vaccination.
methodsWe collected posts mentioning the COVID-19 vaccine between June and July 2020 on Twitter from New York (United States), London (United Kingdom), Mumbai (India), and Sao Paulo (Brazil), and Sina Weibo posts from Beijing (China). In total, we manually coded 12,886 posts from the five global metropolises with high COVID-19 burdens, and after assessment, 7032 posts were included in the analysis. We manually double-coded these posts using a coding framework developed according to the World Health Organization's Confidence, Complacency, and Convenience model of vaccine hesitancy, and conducted engagement analysis to investigate public communication about COVID-19 vaccines on social media.
resultsAmong social media users, 36.4% (571/1568) in New York, 51.3% (738/1440) in London, 67.3% (144/214) in Sao Paulo, 69.8% (726/1040) in Mumbai, and 76.8% (2128/2770) in Beijing indicated that they intended to accept a COVID-19 vaccination. With a high perceived risk of getting COVID-19, more tweeters in New York and London expressed a lack of confidence in vaccine safety, distrust in governments and experts, and widespread misinformation or rumors. Tweeters from Mumbai, Sao Paulo, and Beijing worried more about vaccine production and supply, whereas tweeters from New York and London had more concerns about vaccine distribution and inequity. Negative tweets expressing lack of vaccine confidence and misinformation or rumors had more followers and attracted more public engagement online.
conclusionsCOVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is prevalent worldwide, and negative tweets attract higher engagement on social media. It is urgent to develop an effective vaccine campaign that boosts public confidence and addresses hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccine rollouts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.