Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34061395›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical virology2021

Relative expression of proinflammatory molecules in COVID-19 patients who manifested disease severities.

Shireen Nigar, Sm Tanjil Shah, Md Ali Ahasan Setu, Sourav Dutta Dip, Habiba Ibnat, M Touhidul Islam, Selina Akter, Iqbal Kabir Jahid, M Anwar Hossain

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Shireen NigarDepartment of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
Sm Tanjil ShahDepartment of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0001-8010-3365
Md Ali Ahasan SetuDepartment of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
Sourav Dutta DipDepartment of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
Habiba IbnatDepartment of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.
M Touhidul IslamDepartment of Cardiology, 250 Bedded General Hospital, Jashore, Bangladesh.
Selina AkterDepartment of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-6219-4328
Iqbal Kabir JahidDepartment of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0003-0717-0806
M Anwar HossainDepartment of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0001-9777-0332
University of Dhaka · BD

Funding

This study was funded by the University Grants Commission of Bangladesh through Jashore University of Science and Technology; Grant number 20 (2020-21).
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aggressive immune response, due to overexpressed proinflammatory molecules, has been characterized in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Some of those mediators have a dual and opposite role on immune systems at play behind differential disease severities. We investigated the expression of some cytokines and chemokines in COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh. We diagnosed the patients by detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in nasal swab samples by the real-time RT-PCR method. Thirty adult patients were preselected based on their disease severities and grouped into mild, moderate, and severe cases. Nine healthy volunteers participated in this study as a control. Relative expression of nine cytokines/chemokine in total leukocytes was semi-quantified in SYBRgreen-based real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We performed statistical tests on transformed log data using SPSS 24.0. At the onset of symptoms (Day 1), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (p < 0.05) and interleukin (IL)-6 (p > 0.05) were upregulated in all COVID-19 groups, although the expression levels did not significantly correlate with disease severities. However, expressions of IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), and ACE2, on Day 14, were positively correlated with disease severities. Relative viral load at Day 1 showed no significant correlation with cytokine expression but had a significant positive correlation with RANTES and ACE2 expression on Day 14 (p < 0.05). Male patients had a higher level of IL-6 than female patients on Day 1 (p < 0.05). All COVID-19 patients showed upregulated cytokines and chemokines on Day 14 compared to Day 1 except TNF-α. Female patients had a higher expression of ACE2 and IL-12 on Day 14. Upregulated cytokines/chemokines at the convalescent stage, especially IL-6, may help in targeting anticytokine therapy in post-COVID-19 patients' management.

Indexed as

AdultBangladeshChemokinesCOVID-19CytokinesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2Severity of Illness IndexViral LoadChemokinesCytokineschemokinesCOVID-19cytokinesdisease severityproinflammatory moleculesrelative expression

Identifiers

PMID34061395
PMCPMC8242694
OpenAlexW3166315341

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.