Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34060631›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2021

Altering transcription factor binding reveals comprehensive transcriptional kinetics of a basic gene.

Achim P Popp, Johannes Hettich, J Christof M Gebhardt

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  6. Article
  7. What makes genes burst.Trends in cell biology · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
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  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
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  15. FOXM1 cooperates with ERα to regulate functional β-cell mass.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
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  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Achim P PoppInstitute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Johannes HettichInstitute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
J Christof M GebhardtInstitute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1900-600X
Universität Ulm · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transcription is a vital process activated by transcription factor (TF) binding. The active gene releases a burst of transcripts before turning inactive again. While the basic course of transcription is well understood, it is unclear how binding of a TF affects the frequency, duration and size of a transcriptional burst. We systematically varied the residence time and concentration of a synthetic TF and characterized the transcription of a synthetic reporter gene by combining single molecule imaging, single molecule RNA-FISH, live transcript visualisation and analysis with a novel algorithm, Burst Inference from mRNA Distributions (BIRD). For this well-defined system, we found that TF binding solely affected burst frequency and variations in TF residence time had a stronger influence than variations in concentration. This enabled us to device a model of gene transcription, in which TF binding triggers multiple successive steps before the gene transits to the active state and actual mRNA synthesis is decoupled from TF presence. We quantified all transition times of the TF and the gene, including the TF search time and the delay between TF binding and the onset of transcription. Our quantitative measurements and analysis revealed detailed kinetic insight, which may serve as basis for a bottom-up understanding of gene regulation.

Indexed as

Transcriptional ActivationCell LineDNAGenes, ReporterKineticsTranscription Activator-Like EffectorsTranscription FactorsTranscription, GeneticDNATranscription Activator-Like EffectorsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID34060631
PMCPMC8216454
OpenAlexW3165795815

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.