ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2021
Tumor innervation: peripheral nerves take control of the tumor microenvironment.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 191 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine and paracrine characteristics of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Multi-omics graph attention network reveals neuro-immune-tumor pathways in breast cancer liver depression syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Niches in cancer: from primary tumors to metastatic disease.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Cancer Neuroscience: From Local Neuro-Immune Microenvironments to Systemic Brain-Body Circuitry.MedComm · 2026Review
- Targeting the nervous system: Mechanistic insights into neuro-tumor communication and therapeutic opportunities.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Neural regulation of tumor immunity: emerging opportunities to enhance cancer immunotherapy.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Chronic stress drives gastric cancer lymph node metastasis via NETosis through a feedforward ACh-NGF axis-mediated PKC-γ/STAT3 pathway.Oncogene · 2026Article
- The suppressive function of ILC2 cells is regulated by β2-adrenergic receptor signaling in breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Rethinking ovarian cancer III: the past decade and future directions.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and RAMP1: the Role of the Peripheral and Central Nervous System in Tumor Progression.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Tumor-derived GDF15 induces CCN3⁺ Schwann cells to promote cancer pain in pancreatic cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Targeting CGRP signaling alleviates cancer-associated pain in oral squamous cell carcinoma.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Cancer Neoaxonogenesis: Mechanisms and Factors Involved in the Recruitment of Peripheral Nerves by Cancer Tissue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- The neuro-vascular-immune triad: the interactive network in the tumor microenvironment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Exosomal S100A9 promotes lung metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma via activating cancer-associated fibroblasts.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- The Neuro-Bone Axis in Metastatic Progression: Innervation, Neuro-Immune-Osteoclast Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Biology · 2026Review
- Targeting sensory nerves in the tumor microenvironment: a new vulnerability in cancer therapy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Role of the neurotransmitter-receptor pathway in T-cell tumor immunology and cancer immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- Pancreatic cancer: molecular pathogenesis and emerging therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In recent decades, cancer research has expanded exponentially beyond the study of abnormally dividing cells to include complex and extensive heterotypic interactions between cancer and noncancer cells that constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME). Modulation of stromal, immune, and endothelial cells by cancer cells promotes proliferation, survival, and metabolic changes that support tumor growth and metastasis. Recent evidence demonstrates that tumors can recruit peripheral nerves to the TME, leading to enhanced tumor growth in a range of cancer models through distinct mechanisms. This process, termed tumor innervation, is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype and correlates with poor prognosis in clinical studies. Therefore, the peripheral nervous system may play an underrecognized role in cancer development, harboring targetable pathways that warrant investigation. To date, nerves have been implicated in driving proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion through locally delivered neurotransmitters. However, emerging evidence suggests that cell-cell communication via exosomes induces tumor innervation, and thus exosomes may also mediate neural regulation of the TME. In this Review, seminal studies establishing tumor innervation are discussed, and known and putative signaling mechanisms between peripheral nerves and components of the TME are explored as a means to identify potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.