ArticlemBio2021
Staphylococcal Protein A Induces Leukocyte Necrosis by Complexing with Human Immunoglobulins.
Article in mBio, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Will It Be Possible in the Future to Target Innate Immunity Against Staphylococcus aureus Using Resident Microbiota and Plant Extracts?Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Innate immune recognition and immunomodulatory effects of bacteriophages: implications for phage therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Detection of Staphylococcus aureus via IgY-based immunomagnetic separation and a phage lysin LysGH15-based colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Immune dysfunction during S. aureus biofilm-associated implant infections: opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Bacterial and host interactions inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Non-Affinity Purification of Antibodies.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Anti-leishmaniasis Effect ofAdvanced biomedical research · 2023Article
- The immune evasion roles ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- In Silico Genome-Scale Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to the Development of a Persistent Infection with Methicillin-ResistantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Exploring the Role ofToxins · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One of the defining features of Staphylococcus aureus is its ability to evade and impair the human immune response through expression of staphylococcal protein A (SpA). Herein, we describe a previously unknown mechanism by which SpA can form toxic immune complexes when in the presence of human serum, which leads to the loss of human leukocytes. Further, we demonstrate that these toxic complexes are formed specifically through SpA's interaction with intact human IgG and that, in the presence of purified IgG Fab and Fc fragments, SpA shows no such toxicity. The mechanism of action of this toxicity appears to be one mediated by necrosis and not by apoptosis, as previously hypothesized, with up to 90% of human B cells rapidly becoming necrotic following stimulation with SpA-IgG complexes. This phenomenon depends on the immunoglobulin binding capacity of SpA, as a nonbinding mutant of SpA did not induce necrosis. Importantly, immune sera raised against SpA had the capacity to significantly reduce the observed toxicity. An unprecedented toxic effect of SpA-IgG complexes on monocytes was also observed, suggesting the existence of a novel mechanism independent from the interaction of SpA with the B cell receptor. Together, these data implicate SpA in inducing indiscriminate leukocyte toxicity upon formation of complexes with IgG and highlight the requirement for vaccination strategies to inhibit this mechanism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.