ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2021
Fetal development and growth of the human erector spinae with special reference to attachments on the surface aponeurosis.
Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fetal development and growth of the human neck axial musculature.Anatomy & cell biology · 2026Article
- Development and growth of the human fetal sacroiliac joint revisited: a comparison with the temporomandibular joint.Anatomy & cell biology · 2023Article
- Development and growth of the calcaneal tendon sheath with special reference to its topographical relationship with the tendon of the plantaris muscle: a histological study of human fetuses.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe longissimus (LO) and iliocostalis (IC) of adults consist of myofibers extending from the superolateral to the inferomedial side of the back and, because of the same course, they are fused in the thoracolumbar region. The LO also has a medial attachment to the long myofibers of the transversospinalis (TS) showing a course from the superomedial to the inferolateral side. However, there is apparently no information regarding when and how these similar longitudinal muscles differentiate from a cluster of dorsomedial myotome cells.
methodsWe examined sagittal and horizontal sections of the trunks of 39 human embryos and fetuses (18-330 mm crown-rump length).
resultsAt 6-7 weeks gestational age (GA), the surface aponeurosis appeared prior to and independent of the thoracolumbar fascia. At 6-9 weeks GA, the LO myofibers had a postero-inferior course, from the transverse process to the initial aponeurosis, whereas the TS myofibers had a postero-superior course, from a lateral extension of the intertransverse ligament to the aponeurosis. However, the IC consisted of supracostal longitudinal myofibers and was distant from the LO until 12 weeks GA. Because of the lack of ligamentous attachments and ribs, myofibers of the TS, LO, and IC took a similar inferior course in the lumbar region. When the early TS was represented by the transverso-aponeurotic muscle, consequently, the LO corresponded to the aponeuro-transversal muscle and was independent from the IC.
conclusionThe classical model of TS and LO development does not recognize the essential role of the aponeurosis identified here.
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