Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34059810›Full record

ReviewNature biomedical engineering2023

Toward higher-performance bionic limbs for wider clinical use.

Dario Farina, Ivan Vujaklija, Rickard Brånemark, Anthony M J Bull, Hans Dietl, Bernhard Graimann, Levi J Hargrove, Klaus-Peter Hoffmann, He Helen Huang, Thorvaldur Ingvarsson and 9 more

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature biomedical engineering, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
94citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
16.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

94 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 257 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. EMG-driven control in lower limb prostheses: a topic-based systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022
    Pooled it
  3. Osseoperceptive EMG Feedback Improves Grasp Force Control in Myoelectric Prosthetic Hands.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
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  11. Preliminary Investigation of Myoelectric Control of an Assistive Neck Exoskeleton by Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2026
    Article
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  13. Review
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  18. Enhanced gastrocnemius-mimicking lower limb powered exoskeleton robot.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 15 institutions in 9 countries.

Dario FarinaDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK. d.farina@imperial.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-7883-2697
Ivan VujaklijaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-7394-9474
Rickard BrånemarkCenter for Extreme Bionics, Biomechatronics Group, MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1695-3514
Anthony M J BullDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4473-8264
Hans DietlOttobock Products SE & Co. KGaA, Vienna, Austria.
Bernhard GraimannOttobock SE & Co. KGaA, Duderstadt, Germany.
Levi J HargroveCenter for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.
Klaus-Peter HoffmannDepartment of Medical Engineering & Neuroprosthetics, Fraunhofer-Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Sulzbach, Germany.
He Helen HuangNCSU/UNC Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Thorvaldur IngvarssonDepartment of Research and Development, Össur Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Hilmar Bragi JanussonSchool of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Kristleifur KristjánssonDepartment of Research and Development, Össur Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Todd KuikenCenter for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.
Silvestro MiceraThe Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4396-8217
Thomas StieglitzLaboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, BrainLinks-BrainTools Center and Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Agnes SturmaDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2066-1394
Dustin TylerCase School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2298-8510
Richard F Ff WeirBiomechatronics Development Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, University of Colorado Denver and VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, USA.
Oskar C AszmannClinical Laboratory for Bionic Extremity Reconstruction, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Imperial College London · GBNorthwestern University · USUniversity of Iceland · ISAalto University · FIFraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering · DELouis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center · USMedical University of Vienna · ATÖssur (Iceland) · ISOttobock (Austria) · ATOttobock (Germany) · DESahlgrenska University Hospital · SEScuola Superiore Sant'Anna · ITUniversity of Freiburg · DEUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USVA Eastern Colorado Health Care System · US

Funding

Peripheral Interfaces in Amputees to Restore SensationI01RX001334 · VA · LOUIS STOKES CLEVELAND VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI TYLER, DUSTIN J. · 2015 to 2018
–
Peripheral Interfaces in Amputees for Sensorimotor IntegrationI01RX003355 · VA · LOUIS STOKES CLEVELAND VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI TYLER, DUSTIN J. · 2020 to 2025
–
RRD VA I01 RX001334RRD VA I01 RX003355RRD VA IK6 RX003836
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most prosthetic limbs can autonomously move with dexterity, yet they are not perceived by the user as belonging to their own body. Robotic limbs can convey information about the environment with higher precision than biological limbs, but their actual performance is substantially limited by current technologies for the interfacing of the robotic devices with the body and for transferring motor and sensory information bidirectionally between the prosthesis and the user. In this Perspective, we argue that direct skeletal attachment of bionic devices via osseointegration, the amplification of neural signals by targeted muscle innervation, improved prosthesis control via implanted muscle sensors and advanced algorithms, and the provision of sensory feedback by means of electrodes implanted in peripheral nerves, should all be leveraged towards the creation of a new generation of high-performance bionic limbs. These technologies have been clinically tested in humans, and alongside mechanical redesigns and adequate rehabilitation training should facilitate the wider clinical use of bionic limbs.

Indexed as

Artificial LimbsBionicsElectrodesExtremitiesHumansProsthesis Design

Identifiers

PMID34059810
OpenAlexW3165882235

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.