Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34059764›Full record

ArticleCommunications biology2021

Multi-species and multi-tissue methylation clocks for age estimation in toothed whales and dolphins.

Todd R Robeck, Zhe Fei, Ake T Lu, Amin Haghani, Eve Jourdain, Joseph A Zoller, Caesar Z Li, Karen J Steinman, Stacy DiRocco, Todd Schmitt and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. Designing Epigenetic Clocks for Wildlife Research.Molecular ecology resources · 2025
    Review
  13. Estimating Polar Bear (Ecology and evolution · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Todd R Robeck *Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA. todd.robeck@seaworld.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8573-5070
Zhe Fei *Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Ake T LuDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2866-7961
Amin HaghaniDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Eve JourdainNorwegian Orca Survey, Andenes, Norway.
Joseph A ZollerDepartment of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6309-0291
Caesar Z LiDepartment of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3907-7983
Karen J SteinmanSpecies Preservation Laboratory, SeaWorld San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Stacy DiRoccoSeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA.
Todd SchmittSeaWorld San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Steve OsbornSeaWorld San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Bill Van BonnJohn G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA.
Etsuko KatsumataKamogawa Sea World, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan.
June MerglMarineland of Canada, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada.
Javier AlmuniaLoro Parque Fundación, SA, Avenida Loro Parque, Puerto de la Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6343-1463
Magdalena RodriguezMiami Seaquarium, Miami, FL, USA.
Martin HaulenaVancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, Canada.
Christopher DoldZoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA.
Steve HorvathDepartment of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shorvath@mednet.ucla.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-3589

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The development of a precise blood or skin tissue DNA Epigenetic Aging Clock for Odontocete (OEAC) would solve current age estimation inaccuracies for wild odontocetes. Therefore, we determined genome-wide DNA methylation profiles using a custom array (HorvathMammalMethyl40) across skin and blood samples (n = 446) from known age animals representing nine odontocete species within 4 phylogenetic families to identify age associated CG dinucleotides (CpGs). The top CpGs were used to create a cross-validated OEAC clock which was highly correlated for individuals (r = 0.94) and for unique species (median r = 0.93). Finally, we applied the OEAC for estimating the age and sex of 22 wild Norwegian killer whales. DNA methylation patterns of age associated CpGs are highly conserved across odontocetes. These similarities allowed us to develop an odontocete epigenetic aging clock (OEAC) which can be used for species conservation efforts by provide a mechanism for estimating the age of free ranging odontocetes from either blood or skin samples.

Indexed as

Age FactorsAgingAnimalsDNADNA MethylationDolphinsEpigenesis, GeneticEpigenomicsGenomePhylogenyWhalesDNA

Identifiers

PMID34059764
PMCPMC8167141

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.