ArticleNature communications2021
Impact of COVID-19 outbreaks and interventions on influenza in China and the United States.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 174 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
174 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 286 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.Chinese medical journal · 2022Pooled it
- Validating and leveraging non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection as a negative control outcome in a phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine trial with extended observational follow-up.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Trial
- A safety evaluation of intermittent high-dose inhaled nitric oxide in viral pneumonia due to COVID-19: a randomised clinical study.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- A feasibility randomised trial comparing therapeutic thoracentesis to chest tube insertion for the management of pleural infection: results from the ACTion trial.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Trial
- Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine coadministered with trivalent split-virion inactivated influenza vaccine: A phase 4, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial in China.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Stage-aware deep learning with adversarial data synthesis enables prospective season-scale A/H1N1 influenza forecasting in China.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2027Article
- Epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza in Zhejiang Province, China: A 15-year surveillance study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Fine-tuned large language models enhance influenza forecasting.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Influenza-Like Illness Forecasting Using Multisource Data: Comparative Deep Learning Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Influenza-Associated Anxiety Symptom Linguistic Markers on Weibo (2023-2024): Observational Study.JMIR infodemiology · 2026Observational
- Resurgence of Influenza Following the Lifting of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions in Shenzhen, China.Journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Long-term sero-epidemiological trends of Nine respiratory pathogens in a predominantly pediatric population in Southwest China: a multicenter retrospective study (2019-2023).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Bronchiolitis and the Impact of RSV Infection: A Five-Year Study in a Tertiary Pediatric Center in Central Romania.Pediatric reports · 2026Article
- Epidemic dynamics and age-specific distribution of respiratory pathogens: a direct-to-consumer surveillance study in four regions of China, October 2023-February 2025.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal instability of influenza seasonality during viral co-circulation.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Structural and temporal dynamics of pediatric influenza prevention and treatment: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of historical evolution and emerging trends.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza epidemiology: A retrospective analysis in Hebei Province, China from 2019 to 2023.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Shifting seasonal patterns of influenza before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China: A population-based surveillance study, 2015-2023.Biosafety and health · 2026Article
- Before and after the bottleneck: pediatric group A streptococcal infections in Houston, TX, from 2013 to 2023.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Article
114 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was detected in China during the 2019-2020 seasonal influenza epidemic. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and behavioral changes to mitigate COVID-19 could have affected transmission dynamics of influenza and other respiratory diseases. By comparing 2019-2020 seasonal influenza activity through March 29, 2020 with the 2011-2019 seasons, we found that COVID-19 outbreaks and related NPIs may have reduced influenza in Southern and Northern China and the United States by 79.2% (lower and upper bounds: 48.8%-87.2%), 79.4% (44.9%-87.4%) and 67.2% (11.5%-80.5%). Decreases in influenza virus infection were also associated with the timing of NPIs. Without COVID-19 NPIs, influenza activity in China and the United States would likely have remained high during the 2019-2020 season. Our findings provide evidence that NPIs can partially mitigate seasonal and, potentially, pandemic influenza.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.