ArticleBMJ open2021
Breastfeeding practice, breastfeeding policy and hospitalisations for infectious diseases in early and later childhood: a register-based study in Uppsala County, Sweden.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Joint Effects of Prenatal Antibiotics, Mode of Birth and Breastfeeding Duration on Childhood Infections: The Norwegian MoBa Cohort Study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Comprehensive Analysis of Breastfeeding's Influence on Child Health Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic circumstances, health-related behaviours and paediatric infections: a mediation analysis.Archives of disease in childhood · 2024Article
- Is breastfeeding duration related to the health of migrant mother-child dyads experiencing homelessness? The ENFAMS cross-sectional survey.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Case-control study of exclusive breast feeding and severe bronchiolitis in the United States.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2023Article
- Exclusive Breastfeeding and Childhood Morbidity: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Breastfeeding and diseases prevalent in the first two years of a child's life: a cross-sectional study.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the association between breastfeeding practice and hospitalisations for infectious diseases in early and later childhood, in particular, to compare exclusive breast feeding 4-5 months with exclusive breastfeeding 6 months or more. Thereby, provide evidence to inform breastfeeding policy.
designA register-based cohort study.
settingA cohort was created by combining the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the National Inpatient Register, the Cause of Death Register, the Total Population Register, the Longitudinal integration database for health insurance and labour market studies, with the Uppsala Preventive Child Health Care database. PATIENTS: 37 825 term and post-term singletons born to women who resided in Uppsala County (Sweden) between 1998 and 2010.
main outcome measuresNumber of hospitalisations for infectious diseases in early (<2 years) and later childhood (2-4 years).
resultsThe risk of hospitalisations for infectious diseases decreased with duration of exclusive breastfeeding until 4 months of age. In early childhood, breast feeding was associated with a decreased risk of enteric and respiratory infections. In comparison with exclusive breast feeding 6 months or more, the strongest association was found between no breastfeeding and enteric infections (adjusted incidence rate ratios, aIRR 3.32 (95% CI 2.14 to 5.14)). In later childhood, breast feeding was associated with a lower risk of respiratory infections. In comparison with children exclusively breastfed 6 months or more, the highest risk was found in children who were not breastfed (aIRR 2.53 (95% CI 1.51 to 4.24)). The risk of hospitalisations for infectious diseases was comparable in children exclusively breastfed 4-5 months and children exclusively breastfed 6 months or more.
conclusionsOur results support breastfeeding guidelines that recommend exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months.
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Registered trials
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