Observational studyVaccine2021
Changes in childhood vaccination during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan.
Observational study in Vaccine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on measles vaccination coverage.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of COVID-19 on vaccine confidence and uptake: A systematic literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Disruptions to routine childhood vaccinations in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Long-term effect of mobile phone-based education and influencing factors of willingness to receive HPV vaccination among female freshmen in Shanxi Province, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- The prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood vaccinations in Armenia: a time-series analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Estimated coverage of vaccines for children in Japan between 2011 and 2022: a descriptive study utilizing nationwide monthly market data.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood vaccine uptake with administrative data.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on essential healthcare services at the primary healthcare level in Armenia: a qualitative study.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence of Herpes Zoster: A Narrative Literature Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Review
- COVID-19 Vaccines in the Pediatric Population: A Focus on Cardiac Patients.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Review
- Comparing vaccination coverage before and during COVID-19 pandemic in children under one year in the health district of commune V in Bamako, Mali.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Tracking the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine infant vaccinations in the Dominican Republic.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Article
- High rates of vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- COVID-19 vaccine literacy and vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women and mothers of young children in Japan.Vaccine · 2022Article
- Pilot Study of Evaluating Attitudes toward Childhood Immunization among Healthcare Workers in Japan.Vaccines · 2022Article
- A medical ethics review of elective orthopaedic surgery management during the pandemic COVID-19 Era.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Review
- Routine Immunization Programs for Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ecuador, 2020-Hidden Effects, Predictable Consequences.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Observational
- The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the uptake of routine maternal and infant vaccines globally: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly affected daily life. COVID-19 often causes asymptomatic or mild disease in children; however, delayed routine childhood immunization is a concern, as it could increase the risk of vaccine-preventable disease. No study has evaluated the status of childhood vaccinations in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsThis retrospective observational study evaluated the number of vaccine doses administered to children in 4 Japanese cities (2 cities in the Tokyo metropolitan area and 2 cities far from Tokyo) during the period from 2016 to 2020. Vaccine doses administered between January and September 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared, by month, with those given during 2016-2019. Age-stratified demographic data were collected to determine whether factors other than change in the child population over time affected vaccination trends.
resultsIn all cities the decrease in vaccine doses administered was most apparent in March and April 2020, i.e., just before or coincident with the declaration of a nationwide COVID-19 emergency on April 7, 2020. The decrease started as early as February in the Tokyo metropolitan area. As child age increased, the decrease became more apparent. Before the lift of national emergency on May 25, catch-up of the vaccination was observed in all age groups in all cities. Vaccine doses persistently increased in older age groups but not in infants. The overall vaccination trends did not differ significantly among the 4 cities.
conclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected routine childhood immunization in Japan. Thus, a nationwide electronic surveillance system and announcements for guardians to encourage timely routine immunization are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.