ArticleJournal of health, population, and nutrition2021
Is socio-demographic status, body mass index, and consumption of food away from home associated with high sodium intake among adults in Malaysia?: findings from the Malaysian Community Salt Survey (MyCoSS).
Article in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends and projections of IHD burden attributable to dietary high sodium and kidney dysfunction in G20 countries, 1990-2050.PloS one · 2026Article
- Reduction of Salt and Sugar Contents in Canteen Foods and Intakes By Students and Staff at a Malaysian Higher Education Institution: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Nutrient Intake Adequacy among Adults in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- Spatial analysis of fast-food accessibility and obesity among adults in Malaysia nationwide.PloS one · 2025Article
- Identifying obesogenic environment through spatial clustering of body mass index among adults.International journal of health geographics · 2024Article
- Bridging Implementation Science and Human-Centered Design: Developing Tailored Interventions for Healthier Eating in Restaurants.Global implementation research and applications · 2024Article
- Perceptions, barriers and enablers on salt reduction in the out-of-home sectors in Malaysia (MySaltOH) from the perspective of street food vendors, caterers and consumers.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Fatty Acid Composition of Selected Street Foods Commonly Available in Malaysia.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Estimation of Sodium Availability and Food Sources from 2018 to 2019 and Its Trends during the 2004-2019 Period in Costa Rica.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Do Temporal Eating Patterns Differ in Healthy versus Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Individuals?Nutrients · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundStudies have shown that having away from home meals contributes to high sodium intake among young people and those who lived in urban areas. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary sodium intake, body mass index, and away from home meal consumption behaviour among Malaysian adults.
methodsMyCoSS was a cross-sectional household survey involving 1440 adults age 18 years and above. This study utilized stratified cluster sampling to obtain a nationally representative sample. Data was collected between October 2017 and March 2018. Socio-demographic information, dietary assessment using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and away from home meal consumption were assessed through a face-to-face interview by trained health personnel. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were applied to identify the association of socioeconomic status and away from home meal consumption with dietary sodium intake.
resultsA total of 1032 participants completed the FFQ, with a mean age of 48.8 + 15.6 years. Based on the FFQ, slightly over half of the participants (52.1%) had high sodium intake. Results showed that 43.6% of participants consumed at least one to two away from home meals per day, while 20.8% of them had their three main meals away from home. Participants aged less than 30 years old were the strongest predictor to consume more sodium (adjusted OR: 3.83; 95%CI: 2.23, 6.58) while those of Indian ethnicity had significantly lower sodium intake. Surprisingly, having three away from home meals per day was not associated with high dietary sodium intake, although a significant association (crude OR; 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.35) was found in the simple logistic regression. Obese participants were less likely to have high dietary sodium intake compared with the normal BMI participants in the final model.
conclusionOver half of the participants consumed sodium more than the recommended daily intake, especially those who consumed three away from home meals. However, there was no significant association between high sodium intake and having three away from home meals per day. The promotion of healthy cooking methods among the public must continue to be emphasized to reduce the dietary sodium intake among Malaysian adults.
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