Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34059118›Full record

ArticleGenome biology2021

Impacts of allopolyploidization and structural variation on intraspecific diversification in Brassica rapa.

Xu Cai, Lichun Chang, Tingting Zhang, Haixu Chen, Lei Zhang, Runmao Lin, Jianli Liang, Jian Wu, Michael Freeling, Xiaowu Wang

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
102citing papers in PubMed
28.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

102 citing papers in PubMed, 160 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Allopolyploidization-driven short-term evolution of miRNAs in Brassica A genome.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025
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42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Xu Cai *Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
Lichun Chang *Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
Tingting ZhangInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
Haixu ChenInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
Lei ZhangInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
Runmao LinInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
Jianli LiangInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
Jian WuInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
Michael FreelingDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Xiaowu WangInstitute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China. wangxiaowu@caas.cn.
Institute of Vegetables and Flowers · CNChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences · CNUniversity of California, Berkeley · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite the prevalence and recurrence of polyploidization in the speciation of flowering plants, its impacts on crop intraspecific genome diversification are largely unknown. Brassica rapa is a mesopolyploid species that is domesticated into many subspecies with distinctive morphotypes.

resultsHerein, we report the consequences of the whole-genome triplication (WGT) on intraspecific diversification using a pan-genome analysis of 16 de novo assembled and two reported genomes. Among the genes that derive from WGT, 13.42% of polyploidy-derived genes accumulate more transposable elements and non-synonymous mutations than other genes during individual genome evolution. We denote such genes as being "flexible." We construct the Brassica rapa ancestral genome and observe the continuing influence of the dominant subgenome on intraspecific diversification in B. rapa. The gene flexibility is biased to the more fractionated subgenomes (MFs), in contrast to the more intact gene content of the dominant LF (least fractionated) subgenome. Furthermore, polyploidy-derived flexible syntenic genes are implicated in the response to stimulus and the phytohormone auxin; this may reflect adaptation to the environment. Using an integrated graph-based genome, we investigate the structural variation (SV) landscapes in 524 B. rapa genomes. We observe that SVs track morphotype domestication. Four out of 266 candidate genes for Chinese cabbage domestication are speculated to be involved in the leafy head formation.

conclusionsThis pan-genome uncovers the possible contributions of allopolyploidization on intraspecific diversification and the possible and underexplored role of SVs in favorable trait domestication. Collectively, our work serves as a rich resource for genome-based B. rapa improvement.

Indexed as

Genomic Structural VariationPolyploidyBase SequenceBrassica rapaDomesticationGenome, PlantMolecular Sequence AnnotationPhylogenySpecies SpecificitySynteny

Identifiers

PMID34059118
PMCPMC8166115
OpenAlexW3165217178

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.