ArticleAnnals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials2021
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm producing clinical coagulase negative staphylococci from Nepal and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.
Article in Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rapid visual detection ofOpen veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Biofilm Production, Distribution ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biofilm Formation, c-di-GMP Production, and Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcal Strains Isolated from Prosthetic Joint Infections: A Pilot Study in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Influence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of antiseptics on biofilm formation in S. epidermidis.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- The emerging threat of multidrug-resistantIranian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
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- TracingApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Virulence, Susceptibility Profile, and Clinical Characteristics of Pathogenic Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci.Cureus · 2024Article
- Biofilm-mediated infections by multidrug-resistant microbes: a comprehensive exploration and forward perspectives.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- Phenotypic and Genotypic Assays to Evaluate Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Biofilm Production in Bloodstream Infections.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- The frequency of adherence, biofilm-associated, Arginine Catabolic Mobile element genes, and biofilm formation in clinical and healthcare worker coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- Trend of Changes in Chloramphenicol Resistance during the Years 2017-2020: A Retrospective Report from Israel.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Persistent Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Bacteremia in Neonates: Clinical, Microbiological Characteristics and Changes within a Decade.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Phenotypic and genomic assessment of the potential threat of human spaceflight-relevantFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCoagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) survive as commensals of skin, anterior nares and external canals of human and were regarded as non-infectious pathogens. However, they are emerging as a major cause of nosocomial infectious due to their ability to form biofilms and high resistance to several classes of antibiotics. This study examines the biofilm forming abilities of 214 clinical CNS isolates using phenotypic and genotypic methods, and determines their antibiotic susceptibility patterns.
methodsA total of 214 clinical isolates collected from different clinical samples were identified as CNS and their antibiotic susceptibility determined by CLSI guidelines. The biofilm forming ability of all isolates was determined by three phenotypic methods; Congo red agar (CRA) method, tube adherence method (TM) and tissue culture plate (TCP) method and by genotypic method for the detection of icaAD genes.
resultsAmong all the isolates, S. epidermidis (57.5%) was found the most frequently, followed by S. saprophyticus (18.7%), S. haemolyticus (11.2%), S. hominis (7%), and S. capitis (5.6%). Antibiotic susceptibility pattern demonstrated 91.6% isolates were resistant to penicillin and 66.8% to cefoxitin while 91.1% isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistant phenotype as measured by D-test was seen among 28% and 14.5% of isolates respectively. Tissue culture plate method detected biofilm production in 42.1% isolate followed by 31.8% through tube method while 20.1% isolates were found to produce slime in Congo red agar method. The genotypic assay revealed presence of icaA and icaD genes in 19.2% isolates.
conclusionThe study shows a high prevalence of biofilm formation and inducible clindamycin resistance in CNS isolates, indicating the importance of in-vitro biofilm production test and D-test in routine laboratory diagnostics. Implementation of efficient diagnostic techniques for detection of biofilm production in clinical samples can help manage staphylococcal infections and minimize risks of treatment failures in hospitals.
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