ArticleBMC medicine2021
Long-term impact of a conditional cash transfer programme on maternal mortality: a nationwide analysis of Brazilian longitudinal data.
Article in BMC medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Multisectoral interventions and health system performance: a systematic review.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of a randomized cash transfer intervention on mortality of adult household members in rural South Africa, 2011-2022.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Long-term association of a conditional cash transfer programme and maternal mortality in Ecuador: An ecological longitudinal study, 2010-2023.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- [Is it possible to make municipal basic income programs universal in Brazil? An estimate with municipal finance data].Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in the continuum of care for maternal health in an upper-middle-income country: the case of Mexico.Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- Impact of conditional cash transfers under the Janani Suraksha Yojana on neonatal outcomes in India's EAG states.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The effects of government-led cash transfer programmes on behavioural and health determinants of mortality: a difference-in-differences study.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Article
- Health effects of the Brazilian Conditional Cash Transfer programme over 20 years and projections to 2030: a retrospective analysis and modelling study.The Lancet. Public health · 2025Article
- Ethno-racial inequalities on adverse birth and neonatal outcomes: a nationwide, retrospective cohort study of 21 million Brazilian newborns.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2024Article
- Current and Projected Mortality and Hospitalization Rates Associated With Conditional Cash Transfer, Social Pension, and Primary Health Care Programs in Brazil, 2000-2030.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Income Segregation, Conditional Cash Transfers, and Breast Cancer Mortality Among Women in Brazil.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Financing for equity for women's, children's and adolescents' health in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- The combined effect of social pensions and cash transfers on child mortality: evaluating the last two decades in Brazil and projecting their mitigating effect during the global economic crisis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Article
- Evaluation and Forecasting Analysis of the Association of Conditional Cash Transfer With Child Mortality in Latin America, 2000-2030.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- The effects of cash transfers on adult and child mortality in low- and middle-income countries.Nature · 2023Article
- The dose-response association between LEAP 1000 and birthweight - no clear mechanisms: a structural equation modeling approach.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Spatial-temporal distribution of incidence, mortality, and case-fatality ratios of coronavirus disease 2019 and its social determinants in Brazilian municipalities.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Association of Conditional Cash Transfers With Maternal Mortality Using the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Implementation of strategies and programs for breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and malnutrition of young children in Brazil: advances and challenges.Cadernos de saude publica · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundReducing poverty and improving access to health care are two of the most effective actions to decrease maternal mortality, and conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes act on both. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of one of the world's largest CCT (the Brazilian Bolsa Familia Programme (BFP)) on maternal mortality during a period of 11 years.
methodsThe study had an ecological longitudinal design and used all 2548 Brazilian municipalities with vital statistics of adequate quality during 2004-2014. BFP municipal coverage was classified into four levels, from low to consolidated, and its duration effects were measured using the average municipal coverage of previous years. We used negative binomial multivariable regression models with fixed-effects specifications, adjusted for all relevant demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare variables.
resultsBFP was significantly associated with reductions of maternal mortality proportionally to its levels of coverage and years of implementation, with a rate ratio (RR) reaching 0.88 (95%CI 0.81-0.95), 0.84 (0.75-0.96) and 0.83 (0.71-0.99) for intermediate, high and consolidated BFP coverage over the previous 11 years. The BFP duration effect was stronger among young mothers (RR 0.77; 95%CI 0.67-0.96). BFP was also associated with reductions in the proportion of pregnant women with no prenatal visits (RR 0.73; 95%CI 0.69-0.77), reductions in hospital case-fatality rate for delivery (RR 0.78; 95%CI 0.66-0.94) and increases in the proportion of deliveries in hospital (RR 1.05; 95%CI 1.04-1.07).
conclusionOur findings show that a consolidated and durable CCT coverage could decrease maternal mortality, and these long-term effects are stronger among poor mothers exposed to CCT during their childhood and adolescence, suggesting a CCT inter-generational effect. Sustained CCT coverage could reduce health inequalities and contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 3.1, and should be preserved during the current global economic crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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