Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34059005›Full record

ArticleBMC pediatrics2021

Racial and ethnic disparities in opioid use for adolescents at US emergency departments.

Michael T Phan, Daniel M Tomaszewski, Cody Arbuckle, Sun Yang, Candice Donaldson, Michelle Fortier, Brooke Jenkins, Erik Linstead, Zeev Kain

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Michael T PhanChapman University, School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
Daniel M TomaszewskiDepartment of Pharmaceutical & Health Economics, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, University Park Campus, 635 Downey Way, Bldg. #331, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. dtomasze@usc.edu.
Cody ArbuckleSchmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA.
Sun YangChapman University, School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
Candice DonaldsonIrvine School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
Michelle FortierCenter on Stress & Health, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, USA.
Brooke JenkinsCenter on Stress & Health, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, USA.
Erik LinsteadSchmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA.
Zeev KainCenter on Stress & Health, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, USA.
Chapman University · USUniversity of California, Irvine · USChildren's Hospital of Orange County · USUniversity of Southern California · US

Funding

The Development of Novel Mechanistically-based APE/Ref-1 Redox InhibitorsK08CA179084 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI YANG, SUN · 2014 to 2018
$569k
NCI NIH HHS K08 CA179084
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRacial/ethnic disparities in the use of opioids to treat pain disorders have been previously reported in the emergency department (ED). Further research is needed to better evaluate the impact race/ethnicity may have on the use of opioids in adolescents for the management of pain disorders in the ED.

methodsThis was a cross-sectional study using data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2006 to 2016. Multivariate models were used to evaluate the role of race/ethnicity in the receipt of opioid agonists while in the ED. All ED visits with patients aged 11-21 years old were analyzed. Races/ethnicities were stratified as non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics. In addition to race, statistical analysis included the following covariates: pain score, pain diagnosis, age, region, sex, and payment method.

resultsThere was a weighted total of 189,256,419 ED visits. Those visits involved 109,826,315 (58%) non-Hispanic Whites, 46,314,977 (24%) non-Hispanic Blacks, and 33,115,127 (18%) Hispanics, with 21.6% (95% CI, 21.1%-22.1), 15.2% (95% CI, 14.6-15.9%), and 17.4% (95% CI, 16.5-18.2%) of those visits reporting use of opioids, respectively. Regardless of age, sex, and region, non-Hispanic Whites received opioids at a higher rate than non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics. Based on diagnosis, non-Hispanic Whites received opioids at a higher rate in multiple pain diagnoses. Additionally, non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics were less likely to receive an opioid when reporting moderate pain (aOR = 0.738, 95% CI 0.601-0.906, aOR = 0.739, 95% CI 0.578-0.945, respectively) and severe pain (aOR = 0.580, 95% CI 0.500-0.672, aOR = 0.807, 95% CI 0.685-0.951, respectively) compared to non-Hispanic Whites.

conclusionsDifferences in the receipt of opioid agonists in EDs among the races/ethnicities exist, with more non-Hispanic Whites receiving opioids than their minority counterparts. Non-Hispanic Black women may be an especially marginalized population. Further investigation into sex-based and regional differences are needed.

Indexed as

Analgesics, OpioidEthnicityAdolescentAdultChildCross-Sectional StudiesEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleHumansPainYoung AdultAnalgesics, OpioidAdolescentsAnalgesicsEmergency departmentEthnologyMinorityNationalPainPediatricsRaceYoung adult

Identifiers

PMID34059005
PMCPMC8165785
OpenAlexW3164030319

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.