ArticleFrontiers in oncology2021
Characterization of the Immune Cell Infiltration Profile in Pancreatic Carcinoma to Aid in Immunotherapy.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pediatric tumor microenvironment: developmental dynamics and therapy resistance.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- A novel CD8Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2023Article
- The Next Frontier in Pancreatic Cancer: Targeting the Tumor Immune Milieu and Molecular Pathways.Cancers · 2022Review
- Peripheral blood and tissue assessment highlights differential tumor-circulatory gradients of IL2 and MIF with prognostic significance in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Oncoimmunology · 2021Article
- Ferroptosis Patterns Correlate with Immune Microenvironment Characterization in Gastric Cancer.International journal of general medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of tumor cells, infiltrating immune cells, and stroma. Multiple reports suggest that the immune cell infiltration (ICI) in TME is strongly associated with responsiveness to immunotherapy and prognosis of certain cancers. Thus far, the ICI profile of pancreatic carcinoma (PC) remains unclear. Here, we employed two algorithms to characterize the ICI profile of PC patients. Based on our results, we identified 2 ICI patterns and calculated the ICI score by using principal component analysis. Furthermore, we revealed that patients with low ICI scores had a better prognosis, compared to high ICI scores. Moreover, we discovered that a low tumor mutation burden (TMB) offered better overall survival (OS), relative to high TMB. In this study, a high ICI score referred to elevated PD-L1/TGF-β levels, increased activation of cell cycle pathway and DNA repair pathway, as well as reduced expression of immune-activation-related genes. We also demonstrated that three metabolic pathways were suppressed in the low ICI score group. These data may explain why a high ICI score equates to a poor prognosis. Based on our analysis, the ICI score can be used as an effective predictor of PC prognosis. Hence, establishing an ICI profile, based on a large patient population, will not only enhance our knowledge of TME but also aid in the development of immunotherapies specific to PC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.