ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
The Role of IL-36 in Infectious Diseases: Potential Target for COVID-19?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-36-Driven Inflammation in Generalized Pustular Psoriasis: Immunological Insights from Plaque Psoriasis and Implications for Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Interleukins in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Immunopathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Pustular psoriasis flare following COVID-19 infection: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Real-World Evidence on the Effectiveness and Safety of Spesolimab in the Treatment of Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Flares: A Case Series.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Article
- Correlation between the interleukin-36 subfamily and gut microbiota in patients with liver cirrhosis: Implications for gut-liver axis imbalance.World journal of hepatology · 2025Article
- Review
- Unveiling the Innate and Adaptive Immunity Interplay: Global Transcriptomic Profiling of the Host Immune Response inACS omega · 2024Article
- Karyotypic stasis and swarming influenced the evolution of viral tolerance in a species-rich bat radiation.Cell genomics · 2024Article
- Interleukin-36 is overexpressed in human sepsis and IL-36 receptor deletion aggravates lung injury and mortality through epithelial cells and fibroblasts in experimental murine sepsis.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Article
- The Interplay betweenMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Serum Interleukin-36 in Pityriasis Rosea: A Potential Biomarker for Disease Severity.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2023Article
- Interleukin-36γ is causative for liver damage upon infection with Rift Valley fever virus in type I interferon receptor-deficient mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Clinical relevance and therapeutic potential of IL-38 in immune and non-immune-related disordersEuropean cytokine network · 2022Review
- Interleukin role in the regulation of endothelial cell pathological activation.Vascular biology (Bristol, England) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
IL-36 is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family, which is currently experiencing a renaissance due to the growing understanding of its context-dependent roles and advances in our understanding of the inflammatory response. The immunological role of IL-36 has revealed its profound and indispensable functional roles in psoriasis, as well as in several inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cancer. More recently, an increasing body of evidence suggests that IL-36 plays a crucial role in viral, bacterial and fungal infections. There is a growing interest as to whether IL-36 contributes to host protective immune responses against infection as well as the potential implications of IL-36 for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding cellular expression, regulatory mechanisms and biological roles of IL-36 in infectious diseases, which suggest more specific strategies to maneuver IL-36 as a diagnostic or therapeutic target, especially in COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.