Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34054806›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology

Medicinal Plants and Isolated Molecules Demonstrating Immunomodulation Activity as Potential Alternative Therapies for Viral Diseases Including COVID-19.

Hassan A Alhazmi, Asim Najmi, Sadique A Javed, Shahnaz Sultana, Mohammed Al Bratty, Hafiz A Makeen, Abdulkarim M Meraya, Waquar Ahsan, Syam Mohan, Manal M E Taha and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed
28.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 151 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Saskatoon berry (Food science and biotechnology · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Various parts ofFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Using Quinoa Grain (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Synergistic Effects of Carrot (Food science & nutrition · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Unlocking the Potential ofPharmaceutics · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. ExploringFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Hassan A AlhazmiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Asim NajmiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Sadique A JavedDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Shahnaz SultanaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed Al BrattyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Hafiz A MakeenDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulkarim M MerayaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Waquar AhsanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Syam MohanSubstance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Manal M E TahaSubstance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Asaad KhalidSubstance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Jazan University · SA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Plants have been extensively studied since ancient times and numerous important chemical constituents with tremendous therapeutic potential are identified. Attacks of microorganisms including viruses and bacteria can be counteracted with an efficient immune system and therefore, stimulation of body's defense mechanism against infections has been proven to be an effective approach. Polysaccharides, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, and lactones are the important phytochemicals, reported to be primarily responsible for immunomodulation activity of the plants. These phytochemicals may act as lead molecules for the development of safe and effective immunomodulators as potential remedies for the prevention and cure of viral diseases. Natural products are known to primarily modulate the immune system in nonspecific ways. A number of plant-based principles have been identified and isolated with potential immunomodulation activity which justify their use in traditional folklore medicine and can form the basis of further specified research. The aim of the current review is to describe and highlight the immunomodulation potential of certain plants along with their bioactive chemical constituents. Relevant literatures of recent years were searched from commonly employed scientific databases on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. Most of the plants displaying considerable immunomodulation activity are summarized along with their possible mechanisms. These discussions shall hopefully elicit the attention of researchers and encourage further studies on these plant-based immunomodulation products as potential therapy for the management of infectious diseases, including viral ones such as COVID-19.

Indexed as

COVID-19 Drug TreatmentAnimalsBiological ProductsComplementary TherapiesHumansImmunomodulationPhytotherapyPlant PreparationsPlants, MedicinalSARS-CoV-2TerpenesVirus DiseasesBiological ProductsPlant PreparationsTerpenescellular immunityCOVID-19humoralimmunomodulationphytoconstituentstraditional Chinese medicineviral infections

Identifiers

PMID34054806
PMCPMC8155592
OpenAlexW3163325364

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.