ArticleApplied psycholinguistics2021
Measuring Bilingualism: The Quest for a "Bilingualism Quotient".
Article in Applied psycholinguistics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Multifactorial approaches to study bilingualism in the aging population: Past, present, future.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Brain dynamics of crosslinguistic interference resolution in Spanish-English bilinguals with and without aphasia.Bilingualism (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Language-dependent expression of anxiety and depression symptoms in Japanese-English bilinguals.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Modulations of the P3b effect as a function of bilingual language experience.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bilingualism in Context: A Bayesian Psychometric Network Analysis of Language and Culture Among U.S. Heritage Spanish-English Speakers of Latin American Descent.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- One test, many tongues: Surveying language proficiency across the globe.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Parallel activation of multiple languages in trilinguals: Evidence from eye movements and individual differences.Applied psycholinguistics · 2026Article
- Associations Between Second-Language Proficiency and Executive Functions in Autistic and Neurotypical Children.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2026Article
- Navigating the Complexity of Bilingual Aphasia: Current Insights and Future Directions.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Language and "Theory of Mind" development of bilingual and monolingual children in Bulgaria.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- An integrative approach to bilingual cognition: preliminary insights into phonetic learning and sensorimotor adaptation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity in cognitive profiles of monolingual and bilingual Hispanic/Latino older adults in HABS-HD.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2024Article
- Inhibitory Control Partially Mediates the Relationship between Metalinguistic Awareness and Perspective-Taking.Journal of psycholinguistic research · 2024Article
- Modeling lexical abilities of heritage language and L2 speakers of Hebrew and English in Israel and the United States: a network approach.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Psychological Impact of Languages on the Human Mind: Research on the Contribution of Psycholinguistics Approach to Teaching and Learning English.Journal of psycholinguistic research · 2023Article
- Musical and Multilingual Experience Are Related to Healthy Aging: Better Some Than None But Even Better Together.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- Differences between Monolinguals and Bilinguals in Phonetic and Phonological Learning and the Connection with Auditory Sensory Memory.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Bilingualism and Development of Literacy in Children: A Systematic Review.Psychology in Russia : state of the art · 2023Article
- Bilingual Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Scoping Review of Assessment and Treatment Practices.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- The role of external factors on the reactivation of the heritage language of Turkish-German returnees.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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2 authors.
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Abstract
The study of bilingualism has a history that extends from deciphering ancient multilingual texts to mapping the structure of the multilingual brain. The language experiences of individual bilinguals are equally diverse and characterized by unique contexts of acquisition and use that can shape not only sociocultural identity, but also cognitive and neural function. Perhaps unsurprisingly, this variability in scholarly perspectives and language experiences has given rise to a range of methods for defining bilingualism. The goal of this paper is to initiate a conversation about the utility of a more unified approach to how we think about, study, and measure bilingualism. Using concrete case studies, we illustrate the value of enhancing communication and streamlining terminology across researchers with different methodologies within questions, different questions within domains, and different domains within scientific inquiry. We specifically consider the utility and feasibility of a Bilingualism Quotient (BQ) construct, discuss the idea of a BQ relative to the well-established Intelligence Quotient (IQ), and include recommendations for next steps. We conclude that though the variability in language backgrounds and approaches to defining bilingualism presents significant challenges, concerted efforts to systematize and synthesize research across the field may enable the construction of a valid and generalizable index of multilingual experience.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.