ArticlePsychiatry investigation2021
Psychological Factors Associated with Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori).
Article in Psychiatry investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) and their families: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Failure to Launch (FTL): A Narrative Review and Call for Research.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2026Review
- Childhood Trauma and Hikikomori in Social Anxiety Disorder: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Distortions.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2026Article
- Association Between the Affinity for Hikikomori (Prolonged Social Withdrawal) and Increased Hikikomori Tendencies in University Students.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- Exploring the Cognitive and Behavioral Risks and Maintenance Factors of Hikikomori: Protocol for an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Loneliness, social isolation and psychiatric disorders: insights from the National Mental Health Survey in Korea.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori), Personality, and Coping in an Adult Population.Psychiatry investigation · 2023Article
- Hikikomori: A Scientometric Review of 20 Years of Research.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Therapeutic comparison in psychological capital.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Risk factors of hikikomori among office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective online survey.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Preliminary study of the social withdrawal (hikikomori) spectrum in French adolescents: focusing on the differences in pathology and related factors compared with Japanese adolescents.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori) Conditions in China: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- The Correlation between Enjoying Fictional Narratives and Empathy in Japanese Hikikomori.F1000Research · 2021Article
- Blood metabolic signatures of hikikomori, pathological social withdrawal.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCases of prolonged social withdrawal (hikikomori) have recently been reported in several countries. This study examined the impact of cognitive-behavioral and emotional factors on hikikomori behavior to identify intervention targets. Identifying such targets could facilitate the development of techniques to address hikikomori characteristics.
methodsTwo hundred Japanese individuals (mean age=38.73, SD=6.85) completed the Adaptive Behaviors Scale for Hikikomori and Stress Response Scale-18, along with the Japanese versions of the Self-Compassion Scale (Short Form), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory. Participants were divided into two groups: individuals with no experience of social withdrawal, and those with experience of social withdrawal.
resultsHierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the use of instrumental support, behavioral disengagement stress coping skills, self-compassion, and psychological stress were associated with hikikomori behaviors. Furthermore, higher instrumental support levels, associated with a decrease in hikikomori behaviors, were found in the hikikomori group.
conclusionThe use of instrumental support, behavioral disengagement stress coping skills, self-compassion, and psychological stress should be targeted in hikikomori prevention interventions. Moreover, encouragement for the use of instrumental support is needed for improving hikikomori.
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