SynthesisEuropean journal of nutrition2021
Sodium status is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Synthesis in European journal of nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneity in diet-related non-communicable disease risks in a Chinese population.European journal of nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Major electrolyte disorder and associated factors among patients with chronic disease in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2024Pooled it
- Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Involvement of impaired carnitine-induced fatty acid oxidation in experimental and human diabetic kidney disease.JCI insight · 2025Trial
- Glucagon like peptide-1 modulates urinary sodium excretion in diabetic kidney disease via ENaC activation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of eating out of home and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese urban workers: A nationwide study.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Nutritional intake of micronutrient and macronutrient and type 2 diabetes: machine learning schemes.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Intake of sodium and potassium, sodium-potassium intake ratio, and their relation to the risk of diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Targeting macrophages and ion homeostasis in T2D: new genes and therapeutic pathways identified.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Usage of table salt and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among patients with diabetes: a national population-based cohort study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretions, plasma metabolomic profiles, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in the United States adults: a cross-sectional study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Usual intake of dairy products and the chance of pre-diabetes regression to normal glycemia or progression to type 2 diabetes: a 9-year follow-up.Nutrition & diabetes · 2024Article
- Association Between Dietary Habits and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thai Adults: A Case-Control Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Article
- A Novel Salivary Sensor with Integrated Au Electrodes and Conductivity Meters for Screening of Diabetes.Biosensors · 2023Article
- Association of dietary sodium intake with impaired fasting glucose in adult cancer survivors: A population-based cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Association of renin and aldosterone with glucose metabolism in a Western European population: the KORA F4/FF4 study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Article
- Association between Dietary Habits and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Yangon, Myanmar: A Case-Control Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe relationship between sodium intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is inconsistent. We, therefore, aimed to summarize the current evidence by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
methodsWe retrieved studies which compared any marker of sodium status between individuals with T2DM and those without diabetes published in any language by searching online databases from inception up to June 2019. Summary effects were derived using random-effects model.
resultsA total of 44 studies with 503,830 participants from 25 countries were included in this study. Sodium status was significantly different between individuals with and without T2DM (Hedges' g = 0.21; 95% CI 0.02, 0.40; P = 0.029). Individuals with T2DM had higher sodium intake compared to non-diabetic controls (WMD = 621.79 mg/day; 95% CI 321.53, 922.06; P < 0.001) and 24-h urinary excretion was associated with likelihood of developing T2DM (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.15, 1.41; P < 0.001). Furthermore, salivary, hair, and platelet sodium were higher in patients with T2DM compared to controls (P < 0.05).
conclusionThe findings of the current meta-analysis suggest that sodium levels are higher in patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic controls; however, given that these studies are observational, it is not possible to infer causality.
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