ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2021
Investigating whether a combination of higher CRP and depression is differentially associated with worse executive functioning in a cohort of 43,896 adults.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Anti-Inflammatory Treatment on Depressive Symptom Severity and Anhedonia in Depressed Individuals With Elevated Inflammation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Inflammatory Biomarkers and Post-Intensive Care Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exercise, cognition, and affective disorders.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- Article
- Physical capacity is associated with attention but not with general executive function in middle aged adults.PloS one · 2025Article
- Sex-specific associations between levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and severity of depression: retrospective cross-sectional analysis of inpatients in China.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Evaluating the association between lifestyle factors and heel bone mineral density in different inflammatory states.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Chronic inflammation is associated with worsening working memory performance: Preliminary evidence from a diverse, longitudinal cohort of adolescents and young adults.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- Individuals with depression exhibiting a pro-inflammatory phenotype receiving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids experience improved motivation-related cognitive function: Preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Article
- Association between inflammation and cognition: Triangulation of evidence using a population-based cohort and Mendelian randomization analyses.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Stabilometric Biofeedback Training in Cognitive and Affective Function Improvement. Contribution of the Russian Scientific School. Part II.Human physiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Many depressed individuals experience difficulties in executive functioning that contribute substantially to functional impairment. It is unknown whether a subtype of depression characterized by chronic inflammation is differentially associated with worse executive functioning. This study examined whether the combination of depression and higher C reactive protein (CRP) is differentially associated with worse executive functioning and whether this association is stronger in older adults. This cross-sectional study analyzed data collected from a population-representative sample of 43,896 adults aged 44.13 years (SD = 13.52) who participated in the baseline assessment of the Lifelines cohort study. Multivariate regression models tested whether depressed individuals (established via structured interview) exhibiting higher levels of inflammation (indexed via high-sensitivity CRP assay following an overnight fast) performed worse on a behavioral test of executive functioning. Depression (B = -3.66, 95% CI: -4.82, -2.49, p < .001) and higher log-transformed CRP (B = -0.67, 95% CI: -0.87,-0.47, p < .001) were associated with worse executive functioning, after adjustment for age, sex, educational attainment, body mass index, smoking status, exposure to stressful life events and chronic stressors, sedentary behavior, and number of chronic medical conditions. Depressed individuals with higher log-transformed CRP exhibited differentially poorer executive functioning (B = -1.09, 95% CI: -2.07,-0.11, p < .001). This association did not differ based on age (B = 0.01, 95% CI: -0.08, 0.10, p = .82). Executive functioning is poorer in depressed individuals with higher CRP, even in early adulthood. Interventions that reduce inflammation may improve cognitive functioning in depression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.